Actions of Ca2+ on an Early Stage in Phototransduction Revealed by the Dynamic Fall in Ca2+ Concentration during the Bright Flash Response

To study the actions of Ca²⁺ on “early” stages of the transduction cascade, changes in cytoplasmic calcium concentration (Ca²⁺_i) were opposed by manipulating Ca²⁺ fluxes across the rod outer segment membraneimmediately following a bright flash. If the outer segment was exposed to 0 Ca²⁺/0 Na⁺ solution for a brief periodimmediately after the flash, then the period of response saturation was prolonged in comparison with that inRinger solution. But if the exposure to 0 Ca²⁺/0 Na⁺ solution instead came before or was delayed until 1 s afterthe flash then it had little effect. The degree of response prolongation increased with the duration of the exposure to 0 Ca²⁺/0 Na⁺ solution, revealing a time constant of 0.49 ± 0.03 s. By the time the response begins to recover from saturation, Ca²⁺_i seems likely to have fallen to a similar level in each case. Therefore the prolongationof the response when Ca²⁺_i was prevented from changing immediately after the flash seems likely to reflect the abolition of actions of the usual dynamic fall in Ca²⁺_i on an early stage in the transduction cascade at a site which isavailable for only a brief period after the flash. One possibility is that the observed time constant corresponds tothe phosphorylation of photoisomerized rhodopsin.