Acceleration of Sodium-Calcium Exchange Activity during ATP-induced Calcium Release in Transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

The P_2U purinergic agonist ATP (0.3 mM) elicited an increase in Ca²⁺]_i due to Ca²⁺ release from intracellular stores in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells that express the bovine cardiac Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger (CK1.4 cells). The following observations indicate that ATP-evoked Ca²⁺ release was accompanied by a Ca²⁺- dependent regulatory activation of Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange activity: Addition of extracellular Ca²⁺ (0.7 mM) 0–1 min after ATP evoked a dramatic rise in Ca²⁺]_i in Na⁺-free media (Li⁺ substitution) compared to Na⁺-containing media; no differences between Na⁺- and Li⁺-based media were observed with vector-transfected cells. In the presence of physiological concentrations of extracellular Na⁺ and Ca²⁺, the ATP-evoked rise in Ca²⁺]_i declined more rapidly in CK1.4 cells compared to control cells, but then attained a long-lived plateau of elevated Ca²⁺]_i which eventually came to exceed the declining Ca²⁺]_i values in control cells. ATP elicited a transient acceleration of exchange-mediated Ba²⁺ influx, consistent with regulatory activation of the Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger. The acceleration of Ba²⁺ influx was not observed in vector-transfected control cells, or in CK1.4 cells in the absence of intracellular Na⁺ or when the Ca²⁺ content of the intracellular stores had been reduced by prior treatment with ionomycin. The protein kinase C activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate attenuated the exchange-mediated rise in Ca²⁺]_i under Na⁺-free conditions, but did not inhibit the ATP-evoked stimulation of Ba²⁺ influx. The effects of PMA are therefore not due to inhibition of exchange activity, but probably reflect the influence of protein kinase C on other Ca²⁺ homeostatic mechanisms. We conclude that exchange activity is accelerated during ATP-evoked Ca²⁺ release from intracellular stores through regulatory activation by increased Ca²⁺]_i. In the absence of extracellular Ca²⁺, the stimulation of exchange activity is short-lived and follows the time course of the Ca²⁺]_i transient; in the presence of extracellular Ca²⁺, we suggest that the exchanger remains activated for a longer period of time, thereby stabilizing and prolonging the plateau phase of store-dependent Ca²⁺ entry.