生态系统服务多样性与景观多功能性——从科学理念到综合评估

生态系统和景观是构成地球表层系统的基本功能单元。从对人类生存和发展支撑作用以及人类对环境合理利用和保护的角度,逐渐形成了生态系统服务和多功能景观的科学概念,相关的理论和应用研究也很快成为学术热点。但是从国内外主要进展上看,生态系统服务和景观多功能性的定量化研究都还比较薄弱。生态系统与景观具有等级关联性,前者是构成后者的基本要素,生态系统服务和景观功能具有同源性。因此,将生态系统服务与景观多功能性研究紧密结合既有现实基础又能够深化彼此研究的定量化水平,并进一步提出了生态系统服务与景观多功能性综合定量研究的整体性框架。从当前国内外研究文献看,该框架具有可行性,可以作为进一步深化生态系统服务和景观多功能性研究的现实途径。

Diversity of ecosystem services and landscape multi-functionality: from scientific concepts to integrative assessment

Ecosystem and landscape are basic functional units of the Earth surface systems. The scientific concepts have come into being from the perspectives of the supports provided by ecosystems and landscapes for human survival and development as well as sustainable use and environmental conservation. Recently, researches on ecosystem service and multifunctional landscapes have grown into hotspots in the fields of eco-environmental sciences. However, quantitative analyses regarding ecosystem services and landscape multi-functionality are still weak and premature as revealed by the international research progress on these themes. Ecosystem and landscape are organized hierarchically, where the former acts as building blocks for the latter. Therefore, ecosystem service and landscape function may have the same origin. The present paper advocates that the close integration of ecosystem service and landscape multi-functionality researches has both real world basis and advantage of advancing the quality of quantitative analysis on ecosystem service and landscape multi-functionality. An integrative framework for this task has been formulated accordingly. Scales and scaling, methodological integration, the interactions among ecosystem services and landscape functions as well as management intervention are the core themes under this framework. From the contemporary literature, we can see that this framework is operational and can be treated as a viable choice to advance the researches of both ecosystem services and landscape multi-functionality.