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Ecology and taxonomy of potentially toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species in Lim Bay (north-eastern Adriatic Sea)
Authors:Zrinka Ljubeši?  Sun?ica Bosak  Damir Vili?i?  Koraljka Kralj Borojevi?  Daniela Mari?  Jelena Godrijan  Ivana Ujevi?  Petra Peharec  Tamara ?akovac
Institution:aUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Division of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia;bRudjer Boskovic Institute, Center for Marine Research, G. Paliaga 5, Rovinj HR-52210, Croatia;cInstitute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište Ivana Meštrovi?a 63, Split HR-2100, Croatia;dUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia
Abstract:The population dynamics of Pseudo-nitzschia in relation to environmental factors was investigated from March 2002 to July 2008 in Lim Bay, in the north-eastern Adriatic Sea. Domoic acid was monitored in the breeding population of Mytilus galloprovincialis from 2005 to 2008. The principal-component analysis of environmental parameters showed that the system is mostly temperature driven. The phytoplankton community was mainly composed of diatoms. Pseudo-nitzschia was the dominant diatom, present in 60% of samples, with a maximum (1.6 × 106 cells L−1) contribution up to 97% of the total diatom abundance. Morphological analysis revealed Pseudo-nitzschia manii and potentially toxic Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima, Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, Pseudo-nitzschia fraudulenta and Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha as the dominant species in blooms. Pseudo-nitzschia abundance positively correlated to temperature, phosphate and ammonia in accordance with its maximal abundance in the summer/autumn period when fish farms had a maximum impact on the environment. Domoic acid was detected in M. galloprovincialis in concentrations below regulatory limits, ranging from 0.097 to 0.8721 μg g−1 in five cases from April to October 2005 in Lim Bay, but so far it is not clear which of the species was responsible for DA production. This study is also the first record of P. manii, P pungens and P. fraudulenta species in the Adriatic Sea.
Keywords:Pseudo-nitzschia species  Domoic acid  Population dynamics  Adriatic Sea
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