Effects of NO 3 deficiency and NaCl stress on suberin deposition in rhizo- and hypodermal (RHCW) and endodermal cell walls (ECW) of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) roots

Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) plants were hydroponically cultivated to achieve NO₃ deficiency (N starvation), salt stress (addition of 100 mM NaCl), or normal conditions. Endodermal (ECW) and rhizodermal and hypodermal cell walls (RHCW) were isolated enzymatically from roots, and suberin monomers were released by transesterification after solvent extraction. Aromatic and aliphatic suberin monomers were identified and quantified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Between 90 and 95% of the released suberin monomers were linear, long-chain, aliphatic compounds (alcohols, acids, diacids, ω-hydroxy acids and 2-hydroxy acids) with an average chain length of 19 C-atoms. The remainder was an aromatic suberin fraction mainly composed of coumaric and ferulic acid. Suberin amounts were significantly increased in ECW and RHCW in the presence of NaCl. In contrast, N starvation led to significantly reduced levels of suberization in ECW and RHCW. It is concluded that R. communis plants reinforce their apoplastic transport barriers in roots in adaptation to NaCl stress in order to minimize NaCl uptake. Under conditions of N starvation the opposite occurs and plants reduce the suberization of their apoplastic transport barriers to facilitate nutrient uptake form the soil.