有色膜遮光对烤烟生长和光合特性及其初烤品质的影响

以自然光为对照,采用红色、白色、蓝色、黄色4种有色薄膜于2010~2011年从团棵期开始对大田烤烟进行遮光处理,研究不同光质对烤烟生长、光合特性及初烤品质指标的影响。结果显示:(1)红膜处理最大叶长宽比最小、叶面积最大,黄膜处理则相反。(2)红、蓝膜处理烟叶净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率明显高于自然光处理,白、黄膜处理略高于对照或与对照持平,且遮膜处理前期红膜高于蓝膜处理,后期蓝膜高于红膜处理。(3)红、蓝膜处理有利于提高倒5叶SPAD值,黄膜处理则相反。(4)红膜处理显著降低了中部叶蛋白质、总氮含量和氮碱比,提高了施木克值,并显著提高了上部叶可溶性糖含量和氮碱比,降低了施木克值;蓝膜处理显著提高了中部叶烟碱和多酚含量,降低了可溶性糖含量、施木克值及氮碱比,并显著提高了上部叶蛋白质、总氮、烟碱和多酚含量,降低了施木克值,提高了氮碱比;黄膜处理显著降低了中上部叶蛋白质、总氮、烟碱和多酚含量,提高了上部叶施木克值、降低了氮碱比。研究表明,红、蓝膜处理更利于烟叶发育和光合特性的提高,初烤烟叶化学成分更协调,利于优质烟叶的形成。

Effects of Different Color Film Shading on Growth,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Quality Indexes after First Baking of Flue-cured Tobacco

The experiment from 2010 to 2011 was conducted to study the effects of light qualities of red,white,blue,and yellow light gotten by different color plastic films shading from resettling stage on growth,photosynthetic characteristics and quality indexes of flue-cured tobacco with natural light as comparison.Results showed that:(1)The ratio of length and width was minimum and the leaf area was maximum for the largest tobacco leaf with red film treatment,the opposite with yellow film treatment;(2)Net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of function leaf in red and blue film were significantly higher than that of natural light (control),and white and yellow film were slightly higher than or equal to natural light.Red film was higher than blue film early,and blue film was higher than red film in the later period;(3)Red and blue film were helpful to improve the SPAD value of function leaf,yellow film was on the contrary;(4)Red film significantly reduced the contents of protein and total nitrogen and the ratio of protein and nicotine,improved Shmuck value in middle leaves;significantly increased the soluble sugar content and the ratio of protein and nicotine and reduced Shmuck value in upper leaves.Blue film significantly increased the content of nicotine and total phenol,reduced the soluble sugar content,Shmuck value and the ratio of protein and nicotine in middle leaves;Blue film also significantly improved the contents of protein,total nitrogen,nicotine and total phenol and the ratio of protein and nicotine and reduced Shmuck value in upper tobacco leaves.Yellow film significantly decreased the contents of protein,total nitrogen,nicotine and total phenol in middle and upper leaves,improved the Shmuck value and reduced the ratio of protein and nicotine in upper leaves.In summary,red and blue film are more helpful to coordinate and optimize tobacco growth and photosynthetic characteristic improvement.The chemical compositions of tobacco leaves after first baking are more coordinate with red and blue film treatments which are more helpful to improve the quality of tobacco leaves.