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Silencing of ANGPTL 3 (angiopoietin-like protein 3) in human hepatocytes results in decreased expression of gluconeogenic genes and reduced triacylglycerol-rich VLDL secretion upon insulin stimulation
Authors:Anna Tikka  Jarkko Soronen  Pirkka-Pekka Laurila  Jari Metso  Christian Ehnholm  Matti Jauhiainen
Institution:*National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Unit, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland;†Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
Abstract:Homozygosity of loss-of-function mutations in ANGPTL3 (angiopoietin-like protein 3)-gene results in FHBL2 (familial combined hypolipidaemia, OMIM #605019) characterized by the reduction of all major plasma lipoprotein classes, which includes VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), HDL (high-density lipoprotein) and low circulating NEFAs (non-esterified fatty acids), glucose and insulin levels. Thus complete lack of ANGPTL3 in humans not only affects lipid metabolism, but also affects whole-body insulin and glucose balance. We used wild-type and ANGPTL3-silenced IHHs (human immortalized hepatocytes) to investigate the effect of ANGPTL3 silencing on hepatocyte-specific VLDL secretion and glucose uptake. We demonstrate that both insulin and PPARγ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ) agonist rosiglitazone down-regulate the secretion of ANGPTL3 and TAG (triacylglycerol)-enriched VLDL1-type particles in a dose-dependent manner. Silencing of ANGPTL3 improved glucose uptake in hepatocytes by 20–50% and influenced down-regulation of gluconeogenic genes, suggesting that silencing of ANGPTL3 improves insulin sensitivity. We further show that ANGPTL3-silenced cells display a more pronounced shift from the secretion of TAG-enriched VLDL1-type particles to secretion of lipid poor VLDL2-type particles during insulin stimulation. These data suggest liver-specific mechanisms involved in the reported insulin-sensitive phenotype of ANGPTL3-deficient humans, featuring lower plasma insulin and glucose levels.
Keywords:ANGPTL3 silencing  hypolipidaemia  insulin signalling  liver  rosiglitazone  VLDL
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