深圳特区表面温度空间分异特征

快速城市化和人口急剧膨胀产生的热岛效应，强烈影响着城市居民生活工作的舒适度，是一种环境恶化的表现。它不仅造成城市上空污染物质的聚集、降雨量的减少等各种环境问题，而且导致城市区域内动植物行为特征的改变。因此，有必要定量分析城市的热岛效应，寻找出合理的植被配置状态减少负面影响。利用遥感数据，以我国第一个经济特区也是第一个在总体规划下创立的城市深圳特区为研究区域，采用曲面分形维数、空间自相关方法研究了深圳特区当前植被配置状态下的热岛效应空间特征表达、主要驱动力和方向性问题。结果表明：城市热岛效应显著，与道路主干道相一致，最高温度312．97K，最低温度285．80K；特区在东西向、南北向两个方向分别受到了城市扩展和地形约束的影响，呈现出明显的热岛效应梯度；存在4个主要的高温区块，冷岛的面积也较大；曲面分形、空间自相关和温度变幅揭示出福田区仍然是特区城市化和人工干扰最强烈的区域，土地利用破碎化严重，不同温度斑块呈离散分布，而盐田区由于区域发展政策和绿地建设不完善的原因呈现出较严重的连片高温区，表明城市植被分布位置在有效减少连片高温区域出现以及随之带来的巨大危害方面的效能要强于面积；各方向的剖面变化和样带的曲面与空间自相关分析揭示出不同方向的人工干扰和城市化影响，同时可以反映出一定的能流物流的通道。今后利用更高分辨率的红外遥感数据和地面物体高程数据可在城市表层不连续特征下更准确地计算表面温度，为城市能量流动和动态模拟提供支持。

Spatial structure of the surface temperature in Shenzhen, China

World-wide urbanization and population expansion result in climatic changes,such as the urban heat island(UHI) effect.In UHIs, elevated temperatures negatively affect human live conditions and may induce deleterious effects on urban ecosystems.In this study,we quantitatively analyzed the spatial pattern and characteristics of the UHI in the Special Economical Zone(SEZ) of Shenzhen(Guangdong Province,China).Remote sensing technology and satellite thermal infrared images(band 6 of Landsat EMT+ images,year 2000) were used to estimate the surface radiant temperatures.The spatial distribution and characteristics of the UHI were calculated with the help of three-dimensional fractal analysis(triangular prism method),the spatial autocorrelation method (Moran' and Geary's index),and a profile and transect method.Distinct gradients of the temperature were observed from west to east and south to north of Shenzhen SEZ.Several high temperature zones were observed in traffic-related areas, e.g.Shenzhen North Freigh Station and Yantian Port in Yantian.The spatial distribution of the surface radiant temperature in Shenzhen SEZ was strongly affected by the altitude.Distribution and size of the urban vegetation significantly reduced the temperatures.For example,trees in green areas of Yantian showed high efficiency in reducing UHI effects.The obtained data provide the basis to reduce high temperature areas in future urban planning.With increasing resolution of thermal infrared remote sensing data and more precise digital elevation models,we will be able to predict temperatures and local winds in UHIs.