Elemental composition of ambient air particles in Taiyuan,China: evaluation of lifetime cancer and non-cancer risks |
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| Authors: | Xin Zhang Xu Bai Chenghuan Li Tian Li Rihua Wang |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China;2. Shanxi Province Environmental Monitoring Centre, Taiyuan, China |
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| Abstract: | AbstractShanxi is a heavily polluted area in China. Our aim was to analyze the elemental concentration (71 elements) in ambient air in Taiyuan and evaluate cancer and non-cancer risks. Air was sampled in four urban sites and one rural site in the heating season (winter/spring) and summer season (totally 118?days sampling time). Mean total suspended particles (TSP) across all sampling sites were 248 µg/m3 in summer and 478 µg/m3 in winter. The heating season had higher levels of S, Pb, Br, Mn, Se, As, Ni, Cd, and Hg (23.3 µg/m3, 821?ng/m3, 725?ng/m3, 460?ng/m3, 79?ng/m3, 65?ng/m3, 34?ng/m3, 17?ng/m3, and 3.5?ng/m3, respectively) than the summer season (9.6 µg/m3, 276?ng/m3, 138?ng/m3, 283?ng/m3, 0?ng/m3, 21?ng/m3, 21?ng/m3, 6.8?ng/m3, and 0?ng/m3, respectively), except for Cr and Co, of which the levels were higher in summer. Many elements had a high correlation with the TSP level (r?=?0.70–0.96) and S (r?=?0.61–0.95). A health risk assessment demonstrated that Mn and Cr could have a risk of non-cancer effects. Estimated lifetime cancer risks (Ri>10?6) were observed for As, Cd, Co, Cr, and Ni, indicating that cancer risks from air pollution were relatively high in Taiyuan. |
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| Keywords: | air pollution cancer risk elemental composition outdoor air total suspended particulates |
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