Isolation and characterization of homocholine-degrading <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas</Emphasis> sp. strains A9 and B9b |
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Authors: | Isam A Mohamed Ahmed Jiro Arima Tsuyoshi Ichiyanagi Emi Sakuno Nobuhiro Mori |
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Institution: | (1) United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;(2) Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;(3) National Institutes for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Division Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan |
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Abstract: | Soil isolates, identified as Pseudomonas sp. strain A9 and Pseudomonas sp. strain B9b (based on the phenotypic features and phylogenetic analysis) were found to degrade homocholine aerobically.
Morphological characterization using the optical microscope under light and phase contrast conditions showed that cells of
strain A9 formed short rods measuring approximately 0.5–1 × 1.5–2.0 μm in size while those of B9b formed long rods of 0.5–1 × 2.5–3.0 μm
during the early growth phase on both nutrient broth and basal-homocholine (basal-HC) media. Strain A9 was able to grow on
basal-HC medium at a wide range of temperatures (4–41°C) whereas strain B9b was not able to grow at either 4 or 41°C. Comparative
16S rRNA sequencing studies indicated that strain A9 fell into the Pseudomonas putida subclade whereas strain B9b located in Pseudomonas fulva subclade. Washed cells of strains A9 and B9b degraded homocholine completely within 6 h with concomitant formation of several
metabolites. Analysis of the metabolites by capillary electrophoresis, fast atom bombardment–mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry, showed trimethylamine (TMA) as the major metabolite beside β-alanine betaine and trimethylaminopropionaldehyde.
Therefore, the possible degradation pathway of homocholine in the isolated strains is through successive oxidation of the
alcohol group (–OH) to aldehyde (–CHO) and acid (–COOH), and thereafter the cleavage of β-alanine betaine C–N bonds yielding
trimethylamine and an alkyl chain. |
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