Genetic differentiation between Arctic and Antarctic monothalamous foraminiferans |
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Authors: | Jan Pawlowski Wojciech Majewski David Longet Jackie Guiard Tomas Cedhagen Andrew J Gooday Sergey Korsun Andrea A Habura Samuel S Bowser |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Zoology and Animal Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;(2) Instytut Paleobiologii, PAN, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland;(3) Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, University of Aarhus, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;(4) National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK;(5) Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Nakhimovsky Pr.36, Moscow, 117995, Russia;(6) Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, PO Box 509, Albany, NY, USA |
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Abstract: | Monothalamous (single-chambered) foraminifers are a major component of the benthic meiofauna in high latitude regions. Several
morphologically similar species are common in the Arctic and Antarctic. However, it is uncertain whether these morphospecies
are genetically identical, or whether their accurate identification is compromised by a lack of distinctive morphological
features. To determine the relationship between Arctic and Antarctic species, we have compared SSU rDNA sequences of specimens
belonging to four morphotaxa: Micrometula, Psammophaga, Gloiogullmia, and one morphospecies Hippocrepinella hirudinea from western Svalbard (Arctic) and McMurdo Sound (Antarctic). Wherever possible, we include in our analyses representatives
of these taxa from the deep Arctic and Southern Oceans, as well as from Northern European fjords. We found that in all cases,
the bipolar populations were clearly distinct genetically. As expected, Arctic specimens were usually more closely related
to those from Northern Europe than to their Antarctic representatives. The deep-sea specimens from Weddell Sea branched as
a sister to the McMurdo Sound population, while those from the Arctic Ocean clustered with ones from Norwegian fjords. Our
study has revealed a high number of cryptic species within each of the examined genera, and demonstrates the unexplored potential
of monothalamous foraminifers for use as a tool to evaluate the origin and biogeography of polar meiofauna. |
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Keywords: | Foraminifera Bipolar distribution SSU rDNA Molecular diversity Protists |
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