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Chemical profiling and chemometric analysis of South African propolis |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, 8380492 Santiago, Chile;2. Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago, Chile;3. Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, CSIC (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034-Barcelona, Spain;4. Departament de Química Analítica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain |
| Abstract: | UPLC-ESI-MS analysis of 39 South African propolis samples was undertaken to report on the chemical composition and variability of South African propolis and to compare the chemical profiles to Brazilian samples (n = 3). Chemo-geographical patterns within South African propolis were further analysed by chemometrics. South African propolis samples displayed typical UPLC-ESI-MS fingerprints, which were different from their Brazilian counterparts. UPLC-PDA-qTOF-MS/MS was used to identify marker compounds from representative groups and 15 major phenolic acids and flavonols from common South African propolis were identified. Chemometric analysis of the UPLC-ESI-MS data revealed two distinct clusters among the South African samples and also confirmed that the South African propolis was chemically distinct from the Brazilian propolis. The majority of the samples were phytochemically congruent with propolis from the temperate regions. |
| Keywords: | UPLC-PDA-qTOF-MS/MS South African propolis Brazilian propolis Chemometric analysis |
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