Direct effects of incubation temperature on morphology,thermoregulatory behaviour and locomotor performance in jacky dragons (Amphibolurus muricatus) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia;2. Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia;1. Forestry Research Institute of Hainan Province, Haikou 571100, Hainan, PR China;2. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;3. Forestry Department of Hainan Province, Haikou 570203, China;4. Institute of Forestry Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;5. Department of Transport of Hainan Province, Haikou 570204, China;6. Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Biology, La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, CA 92515, USA;1. School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology M309, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;2. UWA Institute of Agriculture (Animal Production) M085, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;1. UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d׳Histoire Naturelle, 1 avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France;2. PG Consulting, 13 Villa Bellevue, 91440 Bures sur Yvette, France;3. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Département Alimentation Humaine, Domaine de Vilvert, bât. 230, Nurélice UR 909, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France |
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| Abstract: | Incubation temperature is one of the most studied factors driving phenotypic plasticity in oviparous reptiles. We examined how incubation temperature influenced hatchling morphology, thermal preference and temperature-dependent running speed in the small Australian agamid lizard Amphibolurus muricatus. Hatchlings incubated at 32 °C grew more slowly than those incubated at 25 and 28 °C during their first month after hatching, and tended to be smaller at one month. These differences were no longer significant by three months of age due to selective mortality of the smallest hatchlings. The cooler incubation treatments (25 °C and 28 °C) produced lizards that had deeper and wider heads. Hatchlings from 28 °C had cooler and more stable temperature preferences, and also had lower body temperatures during a 2-h thermoregulatory behaviour trial. Locomotor performance was enhanced at higher body temperatures, but incubation temperature had no measurable effect either independently or in interaction with body temperature. Our study demonstrates that incubation temperature has direct effects on morphology and thermoregulatory behaviour that appears to be independent of any size-dependent effects. We postulate a mechanistic link between these two effects. |
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| Keywords: | Phenotypic plasticity Incubation temperature Maternal effects Jacky dragons |
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