Effects of autonomic blockade on acute thermal tolerance and cardioventilatory performance in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy;2. Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy;1. Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA;2. Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;3. Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA;4. Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada;5. Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA;6. Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil;7. Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA;8. Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA;9. Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | Predicted future increases in global temperature may impose challenges for ectothermic animals like fish, but the physiological mechanisms determining the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) are not well understood. One hypothesis suggests that impaired cardiac performance, limited by oxygen supply, is an important underlying mechanism. Since vagal bradycardia is suggested to improve cardiac oxygenation and adrenergic stimulation may improve cardiac contractility and protect cardiac function at high temperatures, we predicted that pharmacological blockade of cardiac autonomic control would lower CTmax. Rainbow trout was instrumented with a flow probe and a ventilation catheter for cardioventilatory recordings and exposed to an acute thermal challenge until CTmax following selective pharmacological blockade of muscarinic or β-adrenergic receptors.Contrary to our prediction, CTmax (~26 °C) was unchanged between treatments. While β-adrenergic blockade reduced heart rate it did not impair cardiac stroke volume across temperatures suggesting that compensatory increases in cardiac filling pressure may serve to maintain cardiac output. While warming resulted in significant tachycardia and increased cardiac output, a high cholinergic tone on the heart was observed at temperatures approaching CTmax. This may represent a mechanism to maintain scope for heart rate and possibly to improve myocardial contractility and oxygen supply at high temperatures. This is the first study evaluating the importance of autonomic cardiac control on thermal tolerance in fish. While no effects on CTmax were observed, this study raises important questions about the underlying mechanisms determining thermal tolerance limits in ectothermic animals. |
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| Keywords: | Adrenergic tone Autonomic blockade Cholinergic tone Critical thermal maximum Rainbow trout Thermal tolerance |
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