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Behavioural thermoregulation and the relative roles of convection and radiation in a basking butterfly
Institution:1. Department of Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia;2. Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, 250 N. Mills St., Madison, WI 53706, United States of America;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43435, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43323, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;3. Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Antofagasta 1520, Arica, Chile;4. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, CEP 69080-971, Manaus, AM, Brazil;5. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, 25 de mayo 582, CEP 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay;1. Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba Labs-National Research Foundation, Old Faure road,7129, Somerset West, South Africa;2. UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk ridge, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria-South Africa;3. Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP), Pierre and Marie University- Paris 6 (UPMC), CNRS-UMR 7588, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France;1. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará/Embrapa Oriental, Caixa Postal 399, CEP 66040-170 Belém, Pará, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Correia, N° 1 Bairro Guamá, CEP 66.075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil;3. Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Avenida Mendonça Furtado, N° 2946, Bairro Fátima, CEP, 68040-470 Santarém, Pará, Brazil;1. Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;2. B. P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, USA;3. Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA;4. Ph.D. Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA;5. Entomology Section, National Museum of Natural History, Manila, Philippines;6. Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;7. Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Perimeter College, Georgia State University, GA, USA;8. Mie Prefectural Museum, Isshinden-Kodubeta, Tsu-shi, Mie, Japan;9. Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
Abstract:Poikilothermic animals are often reliant on behavioural thermoregulation to elevate core-body temperature above the temperature of their surroundings. Butterflies are able to do this by altering body posture and location while basking, however the specific mechanisms that achieve such regulation vary among species. The role of the wings has been particularly difficult to describe, with uncertainty surrounding whether they are positioned to reduce convective heat loss or to maximise heat gained through radiation. Characterisation of the extent to which these processes affect core-body temperature will provide insights into the way in which a species׳ thermal sensitivity and morphological traits have evolved. We conducted field and laboratory measurements to assess how basking posture affects the core-body temperature of an Australian butterfly, the common brown (Heteronympha merope). We show that, with wings held open, heat lost through convection is reduced while heat gained through radiation is simultaneously maximised. These responses have been incorporated into a biophysical model that accurately predicts the core-body temperature of basking specimens in the field, providing a powerful tool to explore how climate constrains the distribution and abundance of basking butterflies.
Keywords:Behaviour  Thermoregulation  Butterfly  Basking  Convection
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