State of the art and challenges of time-of-flight PET |
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| Authors: | Maurizio Conti |
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| Institution: | 2. Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA;3. Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX;1. Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan;2. School of Health Science, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Japan;3. Faculty of Health Science, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan;4. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan;1. Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland;2. Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-059 Cracow, Poland;3. Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Cracow, Poland;4. ?wierk Computing Centre, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Otwock-?wierk, Poland;1. Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Radiation Science and Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands;2. Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Circuits and Systems, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands;3. Philips Digital Photon Counting, Pauwelsstraße 17, 52074 Aachen, Germany;4. Department for Physics of Molecular Imaging Systems, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Germany and Philips Research Europe, Aachen, Germany;1. Department of Physics, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand;2. National Centre for Nuclear Research, A. Soltana 7, PL 05-400 Otwock-Swierk, Poland;3. Institute of Physics, AS CR Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague 16253, Czech Republic;1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea;2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea;3. Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea;4. Brightonix Imaging Inc., Seoul 04782, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | After a brief review of the history of time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) instrumentation from the 1980s to present, the principles of TOF PET are introduced, the concept of time resolution and its effect on TOF gain in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are discussed. The factors influencing the time resolution of a TOF PET scanner are presented, with focus on the intrinsic properties of scintillators of particular interest for TOF PET. Finally, some open issues, challenges and achievements of today's TOF PET reconstruction are reviewed: the structure of the data organization, the choice of analytical or iterative method, the recent experimental assessment of TOF image quality, and the most promising applications of TOF PET. |
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