An SSR-based linkage map of Capsicum annuum

There are five cultivated species of pepper, of which Capsicum annuum is the most widely cultivated as a vegetable or spice and the main experimental material of most pepper breeding programs. However, the number of simple sequence-repeat (SSR) markers known for C. annuum is limited. To develop SSR markers for Capsicum species, we constructed four SSR-enriched libraries from the genomic DNA of C.␣annuum, sequenced 1873 clones, and isolated 626 unique SSR clones. A higher percentage of these SSR markers were taken from dinucleotide motif libraries than from trinucleotide motif libraries. Primer pairs for the 626 SSR clones were synthesized and tested for polymorphisms; 594 amplified products were detected with the expected size. However, only 153 products were polymorphic between the parents of our mapping population. Using 106 highly reproducible pairs from the primer pairs, we constructed a linkage map of C. annuum in an intraspecific doubled haploid population (n=117) that contains nine previously reported SSRs as well as AFLP, CAPS, and RAPD markers and the trait of fruit pungency. The map contains 374 markers, including 106 new SSR markers distributed across all 13 linkage groups, and covers 1042 cM. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of these new SSR markers was calculated using 14 lines of Capsicum species. The average number of alleles per locus was 2.9 and the average PIC value was 0.46, even within C. annuum. The SSR markers developed in this study will be useful for mapping and marker-assisted selection in pepper breeding, and the linkage map provides a reference genetic map for Capsicum species.