硅对生姜叶片水、二氧化碳交换特性的影响

为探讨硅对生姜植株的生理效应，以莱芜大姜为试材，研究了水培营养液中不同硅素水平对生姜植株生长、硅含量及叶片光合作用和蒸腾作用的影响.结果表明：植株各器官硅含量及生物量均随营养液硅素水平的升高而显著增加，1.0 (T₁)、1.5 (T₂)、2.0 (T₃) mmol·L^-1硅(Si)处理植株叶片硅 (SiO₂) 含量分别比CK增加604.4%、834.8%和1130.4%，单株生物量分别比CK增加9.4%、19.4%和22.8%.随着硅素水平的升高，叶片Mg²⁺ TPase、Ca²⁺ ATPase活性及光合速率(P_n)和水分利用效率(WUE)提高，蒸腾速率(T_r)降低.一天中在11:00时，T₁、T₂、T₃处理的生姜叶片P_n和WUE分别比CK提高11.2%、21.8%、28.2%和23.1%、55.9%、54.8%，T_r分别比CK降低6.3%、17.1%和19.2%.此外，硅素还显著提高了生姜叶片光合作用饱和光强、CO2羧化效率及类胡萝卜素含量，但对叶绿素含量无显著影响.本试验条件下，以15～20 mmol·L-1硅素(Si)处理效果最好.

Effects of silicon on exchange characteristics of H2O and CO2 in ginger leaves.

With solution culture, this paper studied the effects of silicon (Si) on the plant growth, Si content, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) cultivar, Laiwu big ginger. The results indicated that the biomass per plant and the leaf Si content were increased dramatically with increasing Si level in culture solution. In treatments T₁ (1.0 mmol Si·L^-1), T₂ (1.5 mmol Si·L^-1), and T₃ (2.0 mmol Si·L^-1), the leaf Si content was increased by 604.4%, 834.8%, and 1130.4%, and the biomass per plant was increased by 9.4%, 19.4%, and 22.8%, respectively, compared with the control. With increasing Si level, the leaf Mg²⁺ ATPase and Ca²⁺ATPase activities, photosynthetic rate (P_n), and water use efficiency (WUE) increased, while the transpiration rate (T_r) decreased. At 11:00 o’clock, the P_n in treatments T₁, T₂, and T₃ increased by 11.2%, 21.8%, and 28.2%, WUE increased by 23.1%, 55.9% and 54.8%, whileT_r decreased by 6.3%, 17.1% and 19.2%, respectively, compared with the control. Si also improved the leaf light saturation point (LSP), carboxylation efficiency (CE), and carotenoid content significantly, but had less effect on chlorophyll content. In our study, the suitable Si concentration for ginger was 1.5-2.0 mmol·L^-1.