Sexual dimorphism of vascular smooth muscle responsiveness is dependent on anions and estrogen.

Alteration of the extracellular anion environment by replacement of chloride ions (Cl-) with thiocyanate ions (SCN-) in normal Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (NKRB) induced sustained development of basal tension in isolated aortas from male adult Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats, but not from females of these strains. However, aortic smooth muscle isolated from sexually immature male and female Wistar rats underwent more marked tension development under such treatment, exhibiting no gender differences. Such SCN(-)-induced contractile responses are not tachyphylactic, completely dependent on extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]0), and could be aborted (relaxed to basal tone) by readmission of Cl-. Castration and replacement of male sex hormones with estradiol inhibited SCN(-)-induced contractions in isolated aortas from adult Wistar male rats, while castration and testosterone supplementation failed to induce contraction in aortic muscle of adult female Wistar rats exposed to SCN-. We believe these data are compatible with the notion that gender differences in vascular activity may be modulated by actions of estradiol on the metabolism of Cl- and other anions in vascular smooth muscle, which may be linked to transport of Ca2+ across the vascular muscle cell membrane.