Monensin-mediated transports of H+, Na+, K+ and Li+ ions across vesicular membranes: T-jump studies.

Theoretical expression for the rate of decay of delta pH across vesicular membrane due to carrier-mediated ion transports, 1/tau, has been modified taking note of carrier states (such as mon- and mon-H-M+) for which the translocation rate constants in the membrane are small. The rates of delta pH decay due to monensin-mediated H+ and M+ transports (M+ = Na+, K+, Li+) observed in our experiments in the pH range 6-8, and M+] range 50-250 mM at 25 degrees C have been analysed with the help of this expression. delta pH across soybean phospholipid vesicular membranes were created by temperature jump in our experiments. The following could be inferred from our studies. (a) At low pH (approximately 6) 1/tau in a medium of Na+ is greater than that in a medium of K+. In contrast with this, at higher pH (approximately 7.5) 1/tau is greater in a medium of K+. Such contradictory observations could be understood with the help of our equation and the parameters determined in this work. The relative concentrations of the rate-limiting species (mon-H, mon-K, and mon-Li at Ph approximately 7 in vesicle solutions having Na+, K+ and Li+, respectively) can explain such behaviours. (b) The proton dissociation constant KH for mon-H in the lipid medium (pKH approximately 6.55) is larger than the reported KH in methanol. (c) The concentrations of mon- and mon-H-Na+ are not negligible under the conditions of our experiments. The latter species cause a Na+]-dependent inhibition of ion transports. (d) The relative magnitudes of metal ion dissociation constants KHM (approximately 0.05 M) for mon-H-Na+ and KM (approximately 0.03 M) for mon-Na suggest that the carboxyl group involved in the protonation may not be dominantly involved in the metal ion complexation. (e) The estimates of KM (approximately 0.03 M for Na+, 0.5 M for K+ and 2.2 M for Li+) follow the ionophore selectivity order. (f) The rate constants k1 and k2 for the translocations of mon-H and mon-M (M+ = Na+, K+ and Li+) are similar in magnitude (approximately 9 x 10(3) s-1) and are higher than that for nig-H and nig-M (approximately 6 x 10(3) s-1) which can be expected from the relative molecular sizes of the ion carriers.