Chitosan coating does not prevent the effect of the transfer of green silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by Streptomyces malachitus into fetuses via the placenta |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Departments of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Egypt;2. Departments of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Egypt;1. Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei. Praça Dom Helvécio, 74 - Dom Bosco, São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brazil;2. Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil;3. Departamento de Zootecnia, ESALQ/Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil;4. Embrapa Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil;1. Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran;1. Constantine the Philosopher University, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia;2. Research Institute of Animal Production, National Agricultural and Food Center, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia;3. King Saud University, College of Science, Zoology Department, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;1. Shanghai JIAI Genetics & IVF Institute, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China;2. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Institute of Reproductive and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;1. Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia;2. I-PerFForm, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia;1. Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, 34098, Turkey;2. Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, 34098, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | Green synthesized nanoparticles are more advantageous over conventionally prepared ones due to less toxicity, production cost, and environmental hazards. With the widespread of the utilization of nanoparticles, little is known about the maternal-fetal transplacental transfer of green nanoparticles. We have biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using metabolites of Streptomyces malachitus and sunlight then coated them with chitosan. These nanoparticles have been characterized and intraperitoneally administered at doses of 100 mg/kg on the 6th, 8th, and 10th gestational days. On the 18th day of pregnancy, both coated and non-coted NPs were detected in different maternal tissues, placenta, and in fetuses, as determined by estimation of silver content and observation by electron microscopy. Chitosan coating decreased the silver content in different tissues, maybe due to the larger size of coated nanoparticles that retards the transfer. The toxic effects on maternal and fetal tissues were proportional to their silver content, as determined by the liver and kidney functional analysis of pregnant rats and the ultrastructural and histopathological examination of the maternal liver, placenta and fetal liver. The present data suggest that green silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by Streptomyces malachitus cross the placenta and have toxic effects on maternal tissues, placenta, and fetus. Chitosan coating of these nanoparticles decreases the transfer, and consequently, the toxicity. However, it does not prevent this toxicity. |
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| Keywords: | Green silver nanoparticles Chitosan coating Nanotoxicology Maternal-fetal exchange Placental toxicity |
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