Micronutrient transport in mycorrhizal symbiosis; zinc steals the show |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Research Group Microbiology, Department of Bioengineering Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium;2. Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;3. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7619, USA;4. BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France;1. State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;2. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;1. Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC), Av. William Cross 3150, T4101XAC, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina;2. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Caseros, T4000INI, S M de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina;3. Microbiología Superior, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, T4000INI, S M de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina;1. Dept. of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK;2. Dept. of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, CEP 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil;3. MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK;1. School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK;2. Centre for Agri-Environmental Research & Soil Research Centre, University of Reading, RG6 6AR, UK;1. Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;2. Present address: Agroécologie, AgroSupDijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;1. United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan;2. School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan;3. Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Mycorrhizas are mutually beneficial associations between soil-borne fungi and plant roots. Mycorrhizal fungi provide their host plant with essential nutrients in exchange for sugars and/or lipids. Traditionally, transport and translocation of macronutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus, throughout the fungal mycelium and towards the host plant are well studied. However, the regulation of nutrient exchange and their contribution in the morphogenesis and development of mycorrhizas remains unclear. In this Opinion, we argue that adding micronutrients in the current models of symbiotic transport is essential to fully understand the establishment, maintenance, and functioning of mycorrhizal associations. Homeostatic mechanisms at the cellular level and the first transport proteins involved have been recently documented for zinc (Zn) in arbuscular mycorrhizal, ectomycorrhizal, and ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal plants benefit from an improved Zn status in control conditions and are better protected when environmental Zn availability fluctuates. These recent progresses are paving the way for a better understanding of micronutrient allocation in mycorrhizas. Revising our vision on the role of micronutrients, particularly of Zn, in these interactions will allow a better use of mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable agriculture and forestry, and will increase management practices in waste land, as well as in agricultural and natural ecosystems. |
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| Keywords: | Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis Cation diffusion facilitator Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis Fungal homeostasis Nutrient transport Zinc-iron permease |
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