Zinc deficient diet exacerbates the testicular and epididymal damage in type 2 diabetic rat: Studies on oxidative stress-related mechanisms |
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| Institution: | 1. Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, India;2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India;3. National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India;4. National Toxicology Centre, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India;1. Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei. Praça Dom Helvécio, 74 - Dom Bosco, São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brazil;2. Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil;3. Departamento de Zootecnia, ESALQ/Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil;4. Embrapa Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil;1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey;2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reyap Hospital Corlu, Tekirdag, Turkey;3. Department of Biochemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey;4. Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey;5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memorial Bahcelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey;6. Department of Physiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey;1. Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia;2. I-PPerFORM, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia;1. Department of Urology, St. Marianna University of Medicine, 2 -16-1 Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan;2. College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0890, Japan;3. Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan;1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran;2. Biotechnology Research Center, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran;3. Abortion Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran;4. Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran;5. Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran;6. Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Zinc (Zn) is one of the most important trace elements in the body and is required for insulin secretion and release. Zn is also required for the growth and development of the reproductive system. Alteration in the Zn levels can cause moderate to severe damage to various organs, including the reproductive system. Most of type 2 diabetic patients have altered Zn levels/signaling. So, here we investigated the role of Zn-deficient diet (ZDD) in type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes in the rat was induced by the combination of high-fat diet (HFD) and a single low dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg, i.p.). Control animals were fed normal pellet diet throughout the study, while ZDD was given for four consecutive weeks to the diabetic rats, which were earlier kept on HFD for 16 weeks. The present findings showed that ZDD further decreased the serum Zn, plasma insulin and serum testosterone levels, whereas it increased cholesterol, triglycerides, BUN, %HbA1c in diabetic rats. Oxidative stress in testes was increased by ZDD as evidenced by decreased glutathione, catalase and SOD1 levels. ZDD-induced several abnormalities in sperm head morphology, altered sperm decondensation, sperm chromatin and protamine content, along with significant histopathological alterations in testes and epididymis. Further, ZDD altered protein levels of MT, MTF-1, Keap1, Nrf2, Nf-κB, GPX4 and GPX5 levels in the testes and epididymis of diabetic rat. The present results demonstrated that dietary Zn deficiency could exacerbate type 2 diabetes-induced germ cell damage. |
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| Keywords: | Zinc Diabetes Testes Oxidative stress Epididymis Sperm |
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