Pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells reside within avian connective tissue matrices |
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Authors: | H E Young E M Ceballos J C Smith M L Mancini R P Wright B L Ragan Ian Bushell P A Lucas |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Basic Medical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1550 College Street, 31207 Macon, Georgia;(2) Department of Surgery, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1550 College Street, 31207 Macon, Georgia;(3) Department of Biology, Wesleyan College, 31297 Macon, Georgia;(4) Department of Surgery, Mercer University School of Medicine at the Medical Center of Central Georgia, 31206 Macon, Georgia |
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Abstract: | Summary Recent studies have noted the presence of putative stem cells derived from the connective tissues associated with skeletal
muscle, heart, and dermis. Long-term continuous cultures of these cells from each tissue demonstrated five distinct phenotypes
of mesodermal origin, i.e. muscle, fat, cartilage, bone, and connective tissue. Clonal analysis was performed to determine
whether these morphologies were the result of a mixed population of lineage-committed stem cells or the differentiation of
pluripotent stem cells or both. Putative stem cells from four tissues (skeletal muscle, dermis, atria, and ventricle) were
isolated and cloned. Combined, 1158 clones were generated from the initial cloning and two subsequent subclonings. Plating
efficiency approximated 5.8%. Approximately 70% of the 1158 clones displayed a pure stellate morphology, while the remaining
clones contained a mixture of stellate, chondrogenic- or osteogenic-like morphologies or both. When cultured in the presence
of dexamethasone, cells from all clones differentiated in a time- and concentration-dependent manner into muscle, fat, cartilage,
and bone. These results suggest that pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells are present within the connective tissues of skeletal
muscle, dermis, and heart and may prove useful for studies concerning the regulation of stem cell differentiation, wound healing,
and tissue restoration, replacement and repair. |
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Keywords: | mesodermal stem cells dexamethasone connective tissues muscle heart dermis cartilage bone |
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