全球变化下的国际水文学研究进展:特点与启示——2011年欧洲地球科学联合会会员大会述评

欧洲地球科学联合会2011年会员大会于4月3-8日在奥地利首都维也纳举行。其中,水文学专场重点讨论了全球变化对陆地表层水文过程的影响。主要包括气候变化下的洪涝灾害与干旱胁迫、冰川融雪、降雨特性、区域水平衡、土壤侵蚀与泥沙搬运、景观进化与水文过程、地下水与溶质迁移、植被动态与水文格局、气候-水-健康、气候和土地利用综合影响下的区域水行为、耦合水与人类经济社会的关键要素、基于公众和利益相关者参与的水资源优化管理等重要科学进展。众多议题凸现了多学科交叉、多区域、跨尺度、系统性以及先进技术设备的广泛应用等几大特点,对于今后应对气候变化和环境变迁所带来的种种挑战具有重要启示。当前和今后的工作中应瞄准与把握以下几个基本原则。(1)进一步加强基础研究、促进学科交融与渗透,以实现方法和理念互补、共同解决复杂生态学问题。(2)重视区域分异、以凸现具体科学问题,实现研究目标、对象、内容和方法的有机统一。(3)重视系统性研究,加强国际合作、共同研发,促进先进技术和研究手段的创新与应用。

Advances in Hydrological Sciences under Global Change: characteristics and perspectives

The EGU General Assembly 2011 conference was held in Vienna, the capital of Austria during 3-8, April this year. In the Division of Hydrological Sciences (HS), many key scientific topics and related advances were highlighted, which were flooding and droughts, glacier and thawing, soil erosion and sediment transportation, rainfall features, local water balance, landscape evolution and hydrological processes, groundwater and solute migration, vegetation dynamics and hydrological regimes, climate-water-health, regional water-use behaviors affected by climate and land use, coupled hydrologic-socioeconomic systems, best management practices based on public and stakeholder participations in water resources. All these issues, however, were put and discussed in the context of global climatic change. Consequently, several valuable and notable characteristics regarding the HS division could be concluded from the discussions, which were multiple intercrossing between different subjects and areas, multi-scales and involved diverse regions, systemic conceptions and advanced techniques as well as instruments used in researches, respectively. They were considered to provide momentous highlights facing the challenges brought by climatic and environmental changes. In the forthcoming future, as a result, three major aspects should be enhanced. First, basic research in hydrological science areas and communications between different scientific fields should be strengthened further, which were believed to be benefit for solving complicated ecological problems in virtue of advanced methods and thoughts. Second, specific scientific issues among different geographical regions should be clearly identified, which is helpful for the coherence of purpose, objects, contexts and methodology. Thirdly, more attention should be paid to systemic research, international cooperation, the developments and applications of new instruments.