赖氨酸乙酰化在代谢相关疾病中的调控机制

赖氨酸乙酰化是把来自于乙酰CoA的乙酰基团转移到靶蛋白赖氨酸的ε-NH3＋上，是蛋白质翻译后的一种可逆修饰过程，受乙酰基转移酶（HAT／KAT）和去乙酰化酶（HDAC／KDAC）的共同调节。赖氨酸乙酰化通过对细胞内多种蛋白质的修饰调节，可以控制体内多种代谢过程，如调节糖类、脂类、氨基酸、核苷酸及次级代谢物的代谢等.因而，细胞内赖氨酸乙酰化失调，可影响与代谢相关的多种疾病，如肥胖症、糖尿病和心血管疾病等。随着对蛋白质乙酰化研究的深入，发现赖氨酸乙酰化与细胞免疫状态及神经退行性疾病，如阿尔茨海默氏症和亨廷顿综合征等也有关。对近年来赖氨酸乙酰化在代谢调控及与代谢相关疾病如心血管疾病和免疫代谢疾病中的分子调控机制进行综述。

The regulatory mechanism of lysine acetylation in the metabolism-related diseases

Lysine acetylation is referred to transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl CoA to lysine e-amino group of targeted protein, a reversible posttranslational modification, which is modulated by acetyltransferases （histone/Lysine（K） acetyltransferases, HAT/KATs） and deacetylases （histone/Lysine（K） deacetylases HDACs/ KDACs）. Lysine acetylation can regulate diverse metabolic processes through modification of cellular proteins. Acetylated proteins can be involved in the modulation of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, amino acids, and secondary metabolites. Thus the disorders of lysine acetylation may be correlated with obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which are referred to as the metabolic syndrome. With accumulating studies of proteomic acetylation, it has been found that lysine acetylation is involved in cell immune conditions and degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer＇s disease and Huntington＇s disease. In this review, we have summarized the current studies of lysine acetylation in metabolism modulation and in metabolism- related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and immunometabolic disease.