Remote monitoring of chlorophyll fluorescence in two reef corals during the 2005 bleaching event at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas |
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Authors: | D Manzello M Warner E Stabenau J Hendee M Lesser and M Jankulak |
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Institution: | (1) National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Miami, FL 33149, USA;(2) Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL 33149, USA;(3) College of Marine and Earth Studies, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, USA;(4) Everglades National Park, National Park Service, Homestead, FL 33034, USA;(5) Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;(6) Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA |
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Abstract: | Zooxanthellae fluorescence was measured in situ, remotely, and in near real-time with a pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometer
for a colony of Siderastrea siderea and Agaricia tenuifolia at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas during the Caribbean-wide 2005 bleaching event. These colonies displayed evidence of photosystem
II (PS II) inactivation coincident with thermal stress and seasonally high doses of solar radiation. Hurricane-associated
declines in temperature and light appear to have facilitated the recovery of maximum quantum yield of PS II within these two
colonies, although both corals responded differently to individual storms. PAM fluorometry, coupled with long-term measurement
of in situ light and temperature, provides much more detail of coral photobiology on a seasonal time scale and during possible
bleaching conditions than sporadic, subjective, and qualitative observations. S. siderea displayed evidence of PS II inactivation over a month prior to the issuing of a satellite-based, sea surface temperature
(SST) bleaching alert by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). In fact, recovery had already begun in
S. siderea when the bleaching alert was issued. Fluorescence data for A. tenuifolia were difficult to interpret because the shaded parts of a colony were monitored and thus did not perfectly coincide with
thermal stress and seasonally high doses of solar radiation as in S. siderea. These results further emphasize the limitations of solely monitoring SST (satellite or in situ) as a bleaching indicator
without considering the physiological status of coral-zooxanthellae symbioses.
Communicated by Environment Editor Prof. Rob van Woesik |
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Keywords: | Coral bleaching alerts PAM fluorometry Hurricane cooling Environmental monitoring |
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