Cardiac metabolism in high performance fish |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, USA;2. Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan;3. Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, USA;1. United Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;2. Environmental and Agricultural Engineering Department, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA;2. School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagaminara, Japan;1. School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska;2. Nebraska Center for Virology and School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska;3. Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska;4. Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska;5. Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California |
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| Abstract: | In aerobic tissues, such as cardiac and skeletal muscle, short term increases in energy demand are met primarily by acute regulation of mitochondrial pathways. Chronic increases in time-average metabolic rate of an individual or tissue can lead to modest “physiological adaptations” that may result in increased metabolic capacities and more efficient energy production and utilization. These physiological adaptations differ fundamentally from those which alter metabolic rate acutely. Analysis of the metabolic strategies used by an individual to chronically elevate cardiac metabolic rates may help identify the components of cardiac metabolism which may be constrained or malleable over evolutionary time. While pronounced physiological differences in cardiac energy transduction are apparent across species, the evolutionary origins of such differences are difficult to assess. However, the functional consequences of such differences in homologous tissues across species can be discussed with more certainty. Both chronic hypermetabolic challenges and interspecies comparisons suggest highly oxidative tissues such as heart are restricted to strategies which a) elevate the functional mass b) make more efficient use of intracellular space devoted to mitochondria and c) shift toward more efficient metabolic fuels, primarily fatty acids if oxygen delivery is not a factor. |
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