Deep-sea benthic foraminiferal recolonization of the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo ash layer in the South China Sea |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment—National Research Council (IAMC-CNR), Calata Porta di Massa, Interno Porto di Napoli, 80133 Naples, Italy;2. Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment—National Research Council (IAMC-CNR), Via del Mare n3, 91021 Torretta Granitola, Campobello di Mazara, TP, Italy;1. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2. Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China;4. Function Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China;1. Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;2. Institut Mediterrani d''Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (UIB–CSIC), 07190 Mallorca, Spain;3. Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;4. CEAC Tierra, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;5. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK;1. Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia;2. Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Borgo Grotta Gigante 42/C, 34010 Sgonico, TS, Italy;1. Istituto per l''Ambiente Marino Costiero, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Calata Porta di Massa, Interno Porto di Napoli, 80133 Naples, Italy;2. Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy” (IBIM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy;3. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via della Fagiola 32, 56126 Pisa, Italy |
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| Abstract: | A census count of Rose Bengal stained benthic foraminifera from the surface area on top of a 2 to 6 cm thick ashfall layer at three deep water stations along the western margin of the Philippines exhibits a unique assemblage composition of benthic foraminifera. The total number of benthic foraminifera is low and the ratio of living individuals to empty tests is high. Specific diversity is low, with a significant dominance of infaunal morphotypes including species of the genus Reophax (R. scorpiurus, R. bilocularis and R. dentaliniformis), which are regarded as successful recolonizers. Assemblages below the ash layers are diverse and contain many epifaunal suspension-feeding agglutinated and calcareous foraminifera. The 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption caused mass mortality of benthic foraminifera in a vast area of the eastern South China Sea followed by step-wise recolonization of the ash substrate. Three years after the eruption, the benthic foraminiferal community structure is still far from recovery to background levels. |
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