Vacuolar-type proton ATPase as regulator of membrane dynamics in multicellular organisms |
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Authors: | Yoh Wada Ge-Hong Sun-Wada Hiroyuki Tabata Nobuyuki Kawamura |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Biological Science, Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan;(2) Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College, Kohdo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan |
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Abstract: | Acidification inside membrane compartments is a common feature of all eukaryotic cells. The acidic milieu is involved in many
physiological processes including secretion, protein processing, and others. However, its cellular relevance has not been
well established beyond the results of in vitro studies involving cultured cell systems. In the last decade, human and mouse
genetics have revealed that the acidification machinery is implicated in multiple pathophysiological disorders, and thus our
understanding of physiological consequences of the defective acidification in multicellular organisms has improved. In invertebrates
including Drosophila and nematodes, mutations of V-ATPase were found to lead the development of rather unexpected phenotypes. Studies have suggested
that V-ATPase may be involved in membrane fusion and vesicle formation, important processes for membrane trafficking, and
have further implied its involvement in cell–cell fusion. This rather novel idea arose from the phenotypes associated with
genetic disorders involving V-ATPase genes in various genetic model systems. In this article, we focus and overview the non-classical,
beyond proton-pumping function of the vacuolar-type ATPase in exo/endocytic systems. |
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Keywords: | Endocytosis Exocytosis Regulated secretion Osteopetrosis Glycemia Cell fusion Membrane trafficking |
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