互花米草防治和麋鹿保护的系统耦合作用——基于自然的解决方案

互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)是典型的外来入侵物种，因其繁殖力和适应力强难以防治，直接威胁我国滨海滩涂湿地生物多样性，改变了该生态系统的结构和功能；麋鹿(Elaphurus davidianus)是我国I级保护动物，是野生动物迁地保护和回归自然的典范，但仍面临野生种群稳定性低、与保护区环境承载力矛盾尖锐的问题。麋鹿喜食互花米草，其牧食行为可有效调控互花米草的时空分布格局，提升滨海滩涂湿地生态系统功能和稳定性，并为其自身野化回归提供良好的环境。目前针对互花米草防治和麋鹿保护的研究较多，但少有二者耦合作用的探讨。尝试借助草地农业系统理论阐释互花米草防治和麋鹿保护(互花米草&麋鹿)耦合发展的范式和潜在机制，即寻求基于自然的克服系统相悖的解决方案。以期打破珍稀物种保护和入侵物种防控各自为战的范式，探索二者耦合发展思路和陆海农业实践。同时，探讨了利用无人机等技术搭建滨海滩涂湿地互花米草&麋鹿耦合系统的空-天-地一体化监测、分析和管理体系。

Coupling effects of Elaphurus davidianus conservation and Spartina alterniflora control based on the basic theory of grassland agroecology ecosystem and nature-based solutions

Spartina alterniflora is a typical alien invasive grass species with high reproductivity and adaptability but few natural enemies. S. alterniflora reduces the biodiversity and alters the structure and functions of the coastal tidal wetland ecosystem. The Père David''s deer Elaphurus davidianus, a Level I national protected species in China, is a paragon of wildlife ex-situ conservation. However, the increasing deer population may induce significant concerns, e.g., the lower stability of wild populations and the decrease of the environmental carrying capacity of conservation areas. E. davidianus prefers S. alterniflora for grazing, and the grazing activities regulate the spatio-temporal distribution of S. alterniflora, which could potentially improve the functions and stability of the coastal tidal wetland ecosystem. Meanwhile, it could be beneficial to accelerate the return to the wild state process for E. davidianus. Although some work focusing on E. davidianus conservation and S. alterniflora prevention has been done, few researches paid attention to their interaction mechanisms. Here, we illustrated the coupling development model and potential interaction mechanisms of E. davidianus and S. alterniflora based on the grassland agroecosystem theory (i.e., nature-based solutions for overcoming system discordance). We then attempted to break the traditional pattern that split the endangered species conservation and invasive species prevention, and explored the guidelines and practice of terrestrial-marine agriculture. Finally, we discussed the UAV-based space-air-ground integrated monitoring and analysis system for E. davidianus conservation and S. alterniflora prevention.