基于形态学空间格局分析和最小累积阻力模型的城市生态安全格局构建——以厦门市为例

城市化进程的快速发展加剧了生态系统的退化。如何扭转生态系统的退化,同时满足人类日益增长的生态系统服务需求,成为当前的一个研究热点。生态安全格局的构建在一定程度上可平衡城市发展与生态环境保护之间的关系,对于保障区域生态安全、提升生态系统功能具有重大意义。以厦门市为例,基于“生态源地识别—阻力面构建—生态廊道提取”的基本框架构建陆域生态安全格局。结合生态系统服务重要性评价和形态学空间格局分析识别生态源地,该方法兼顾了生态结构和功能,使得所识别的生态源地更具全面性。选取土地利用类型、高程和坡度构建生态综合阻力面,并用人类居住合成指数修正生态综合阻力面,以减少主观赋值的影响,识别各土地利用类型内部的差异,使生态阻力面的构建更加合理。在此基础上通过最小累积阻力模型提取生态廊道,利用重力模型量化潜在生态廊道的相对重要性,并根据重力模型结果划分重要性等级。研究结果表明,厦门市的生态安全格局由14个生态源地、21条生态廊道、15个生态节点及若干个踏脚石所组成。生态源地主要集中在研究区的西部和北部,以林地和草地为主,面积合计为558.64 km²。生态廊道长约159.40 km,其...

Construction of urban ecological security pattern based on MSPA and MCR Model: a case study of Xiamen

The rapid development of urbanization aggravates the degradation of ecosystem. How to reverse the degradation of ecosystem and meet the increasing demand for ecosystem services has become a hot research topic. To some extent, the construction of ecological security pattern can balance the relationship between urban development and eco-environmental protection, which is of great significance for ensuring regional ecological security and promoting ecosystem function. In this study, we used Xiamen as an example, and the framework of "ecological source identification-construction of ecological resistance surface-extraction of ecological corridors" was adopted to construct the ecological security pattern of land area. The assessment of the ecosystem services importance and morphological spatial pattern analysis were combined to identify the ecological source. This method took both ecological structures and functions into account, making the identified ecological source more comprehensive. The ecological comprehensive resistance surface was constructed by land use type, elevation and slope, and corrected by human settlement index to reduce the influence of subjective assignments, identify the differences within each land use type, and make the construction of ecological resistance surface more reasonable. On this basis, the minimum cumulative resistance model was used to extract ecological corridors, and the gravity model was used to quantify the relative importance of potential ecological corridors, and then to classify the importance of ecological corridors. The results showed that the ecological safety pattern of Xiamen city consisted of 14 ecological sources, 21 ecological corridors, 15 ecological nodes, and several stepping stones. The distribution of ecological sources mainly concentrated in the west and north of the study area, dominated by woodland and grassland, and the total area was 558.64 km². The length of the ecological corridor were about 159.40 km, of which 9 were key ecological corridors and 12 were general ecological corridors, which had the characteristics of close connection between east and west and insufficient connection in north-south direction. According to the contribution to the regional ecological security, the ecological security pattern was divided into three control zones for hierarchical control. Comparing the findings with the current implementation plan of Xiamen, although the results were different, they were relatively consistent overall, and the main reason for the difference was the different research data and methods used in the two studies. Therefore, this study concluded that the combination of ecosystem service importance assessment with morphological spatial pattern analysis, minimum cumulative resistance model, and gravity model could provide a scientific basis for the construction of ecological security pattern.