洛南盆地槐树坪地点2013年出土的石制品

洛南盆地槐树坪旧石器地点最初发现于1999年,该地点位于南洛河左岸(北部)支流石门河及石门河的二级支流东麻坪河(石门河一级支流为麻坪河)之间的第四级阶地上,是洛南盆地高阶地旷野旧石器地点群的代表性遗址之一。2004年4~5月和2006年6~7月,槐树坪地点曾历经两次小规模试掘。2013年4~6月,我们对该遗址进行了较大规模的系统发掘,发掘面积56 m~2,出土石锤、石料、石核、石片、工具、断块、碎屑等不同类型石制品830件。本文对2013年发掘出土的石制品进行了初步研究,统计分析结果显示,槐树坪地点加工石制品的原料来自遗址附近河流阶地砾石层中的砾石,其中以石英和石英岩为主,石英砂岩和细砂岩也有使用。剥片方式主要采用锤击法,偶见砸击法和碰砧法。石制品以中型和小型为主。工具多为石片加工而成的刮削器,偶见手斧、薄刃斧、石刀等大型工具。石器加工方向以正向居多。光释光测年数据表明,槐树坪地点埋藏石制品地层堆积物形成年代大约为距今8~9万年到1.3万年之间,其中7~8万年段的地层堆积物中包含石制品较多。槐树坪地点发现的石制品丰富了洛南盆地旧石器遗址的材料,可以使我们更深刻的了解洛南盆地高阶地旧石器遗址群的地层埋藏情况、遗址年代和石器工业内涵。

A preliminary report on the 2013 excavation of the Huaishuping Paleolithic site in Luonan Basin,Shaanxi Province

The Huaishuping site, found in 1999, is located on the fourth terrace of the South Luohe River in the Luonan Basin, Shaanxi Province. In 2013, it was excavated by a joint archaeological team from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, the Shaanxi Province Institute of Archaeology, Nanjing University, and the Museum of Luonan County. The excavation exposed a total area of 56m2, yielding 830 stone artifacts. The lithic assemblage includes manuports (n=19; 2.29％ ), cores (n=66; 7.95%), flakes (n=333; 40.12%), chunks (n=347; 41.81%), chips (n=23; 2.77%), and retouched tools (n=42; 5.06%) such as choppers (n=3), hand-axes (n=2), and scrapers(n=37). The general features of the lithic artifacts are summarized as follows: (i) Stone artifacts from the site were made of local raw materials which come from the cobbles/pebbles of the river deposits which are mainly quartz and quartzite, although greywacke and fine sandstone are also occasionally used; (ii) Most stone artifacts are small (<50mm) and medium (50~100mm) in size, but finely retouched tools such as hand-axes, are large in size; (iii) The principle knapping method is direct hammer percussion, along with the bipolar method and the anvil-chipping method; (iv) The tools are mainly retouched flakes. Cores, pebbles and chunks are also occasionally used as blanks. Most tools are small (<50mm) or medium (50~100mm) in size, and the Acheulian-type large cutting tools (LCTs) such as handaxes are finely retouched. OSL chronological analysis and the comparison of geological profiles show that the date of the site is between 90 to 13ka, and the main layers which contained the lithic artifacts are about 90-80ka.