退耕区域生态系统服务作用关系尺度效应及分异机制——以安塞区为例

生态系统服务的形成依赖于一定时空尺度上的生态过程。因此，探究生态系统服务在不同空间尺度的特征、关联和效应对于丰富生态系统服务的可持续管理具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。以典型退耕县域安塞区作为研究对象，基于生态模型定量评估了6项重要的生态系统服务，采用相关系数法、双变量空间自相关以及地理探测器揭示了不同空间尺度上生态系统服务作用关系的尺度效应及分异机制。研究结果显示：(1)退耕区域内，生态系统服务之间以协同关系为主，其中调节服务与支持服务的协同关系最强(|r|≥0.5),而权衡关系发生在文化服务与其他服务之间。从时间序列来看，调节服务与支持服务的作用关系较为稳定，在研究期间保持为协同关系，且协同度在退耕还林后有所提升；(2)生态系统服务作用关系的空间尺度效应主要表现在作用关系的方向变化与空间显著性的差异。在网格尺度中，生态系统服务之间的关系较为稳健，作用方向的变化主要发生在网格尺度与行政单元之间，且随研究尺度的加大，服务之间作用关系的空间显著性降低；(3)生态系统服务的权衡与协同是自然因子和社会因子共同作用的结果。退耕区人类活动干扰较小，自然因子的解释力(q均值0.1507)高于社会因子...

The scale effect and differentiation mechanism of the relationship between ecosystem services in the grain for green area: A case study of Ansai District

The formation of ecosystem services depends on ecological processes at a certain spatial and temporal scale. Therefore, exploring the characteristics, correlations, and effects of ecosystem services in different spatial scales has importantly theoretical value and practical significance for enriching the sustainable management of ecosystem services. Taking Ansai District, a typical grain for green county, as the study area, the spatiotemporal changes of six ecosystem services were quantitatively evaluated based on ecological models. The correlation coefficient method, bivariate spatial autocorrelation, and geological detectors were used to reveal the scale effects and differentiation mechanisms of ecosystem service relationships at different spatial scales. The results show that: (1) the ecosystem services are mainly synergetic in the retired farmland area, among which the synergetic relationship between regulatory services and support services is the strongest (|r|≥0.5), while the trade-off relationship occurs between cultural services and other services. From the time series perspective, the relationship between regulatory services and support services is relatively stable, maintaining a synergistic relationship during the research period, and the degree of synergy has improved after returning farmland to forests. (2) The spatial scale characteristics of the relationship between ecosystem services are mainly manifested in the directionality and significance of the relationship. At the grid scale, the interaction relationship between ecosystem services is relatively stable, and the change in direction of action mainly occurs between the grid scale and administrative units. As the research scale increases, the spatial significance of the interaction relationship between services gradually decreases. (3) The trade-off and synergy of ecosystem services are the result of the combined action of natural and social factors. The disturbance of human activities in the abandoned farmland area is relatively small, and the explanatory power of natural factors (q=0.1507) is higher than that of social factors (q= 0.0148). Moreover, the key factors that affect a certain type of ecosystem services play an important role in the relationship between ecosystem services. Among them, the combined effect of land use degree and topographic factors is the main concern of ecosystem service management.