基于农户感知的黄河下游人-水关系结构分析

人-水关系研究是社会-生态系统研究的重要领域。识别黄河下游农户对人-水关系的感知及其影响因素，对黄河下游因人施策开展生态保护与高质量发展政策调控具有重要作用。但已有研究多从区域水资源、水环境、水文化等某一种或几种关系开展居民感知调查及归因，忽视了人-水关系之间结构化的相互影响机制。基于对黄河下游山东省10个县的农户发放的1651份问卷，经过验证性因子分析后，最终引入水资源与生态关系、水文化与旅游关系、居住地生态功能、河口湿地功能、文化旅游功能五个潜变量，建立结构方程模型发现：农户对水资源与生态关系的认识正向影响其对居住地生态功能和河口湿地功能的评估，农户对水文化与旅游关系的认识正向影响其对居住地生态功能、河口湿地功能和文化旅游功能的评估。研究结果通过基于农户感知刻画人-水关系结构，揭示人-水系统功能认知的影响机制，有助于为黄河下游地区生态保护和乡村振兴提供决策参考。

Analysis of human-water relationship structure in the lower reaches of Yellow River Basin based on farmers'' perception

The study of human-water relationship is an important field of social-ecological system research. Identification of farmers'' perception of human-water relationship and its influencing factors plays an important role in implementing ecological protection and high-quality development policy in accordance with human requirements in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin. However, the existing studies have mostly carried out residents'' perception survey and attribution from one or several relationships such as regional water resources, water environment, water culture, etc., but ignore the structural interaction mechanism between human and water. Based on 1651 questionnaires distributed to farmers in 10 counties of Shandong Province in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, after the analysis of confirmatory factors, we finally introduced five latent variables:water resources and ecological relationship, water culture and tourism relationship, residential ecological function, estuarine wetland function, and cultural tourism function, and established a structural equation model. It found that the farmers'' understanding of water resources and ecological relationship positively affected their assessment of residential ecological function and estuarine wetland function. The farmers'' understanding of the relationship between water culture and tourism had positive impact on their assessment of the ecological function of their residence, the function of estuarine wetland, and the function of cultural tourism. The results revealed the influence mechanism of the function cognition of the human-water system by describing the structure of the human-water relationship based on the perception of farmers, which is helpful to provide decision-making reference for ecological protection and rural revitalization in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin.