雷州半岛红树林鱼类群落结构及其与人类活动强度的关系

水产养殖、城镇建设等引起的土地利用变化使红树林生态系统遭受严重破坏，是红树林生物多样性面临的主要威胁之一。了解雷州半岛红树林鱼类群落结构，探究人类活动强度对鱼类群落结构的影响，对红树林鱼类资源保护至关重要。基于2021—2022年雷州半岛7片红树林共21条潮沟的鱼类数据，结合周边土地利用数据，研究鱼类群落结构及其与土地利用类型的关系。结果显示，共采集鉴定鱼类49种，隶属于8目25科，鲈形目鱼类最多，共33种占总种类数的75.5%,其中，虾虎鱼科种数最多，共15种占30.6%;食性上，主要为杂食性和肉食性鱼类，分别为53.06%和44.90%;各红树林Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在秋冬春三季的变化范围均为0—2.5,Simpson多样性指数均为0—0.9;各红树林鱼类个体数、物种数和生物量均存在显著差异(P>0.05);除秋季北潭与流沙湾的鱼类群落无显著差异(P>0.05)外，其余红树林间的鱼类群落在三个季度均有显著差异(P<0.05);人类活动强度、红树林面积和东西岸对鱼类多样性指数、个体数、物种数和生物量均有显著的主效应和交互效应(P<0.05);青...

Community structure of fish in mangrove forests of the Leizhou Peninsula and its relationship with human activity intensity

Changes in land use caused by aquaculture, urban construction, and other factors have led to severe damage to mangrove ecosystems, posing a major threat to mangrove biodiversity. Understanding the community structure of fish in the Leizhou Peninsula mangroves and investigating the impact of human activities on the fish community structure are crucial for the conservation of mangrove fish resources. This study is based on fish data from 21 tidal creeks in seven mangrove areas of the Leizhou Peninsula from 2021 to 2022. Land use data in the surrounding areas were combined to study the relationship between fish community structure and land use types. The results show that a total of 49 fish species were collected and identified, belonging to 8 orders and 25 families. The order Perciformes had the highest number of fish species, with 33 species accounting for 75.5% of the total species. Among them, the family Gobiidae had the highest number of species, with 15 species accounting for 30.6%. In terms of diet, the main categories were omnivorous fish and carnivorous fish, accounting for 53.06% and 44.90%, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of fish communities in different mangroves ranged from 0 to 2.5 in autumn, winter, and spring, while the Simpson diversity index ranged from 0 to 0.9. There were significant differences (P>0.05) in fish abundance, species richness, and biomass among the different mangroves. Except for the fish communities between Beitan and Liushawan mangroves in autumn, which showed no significant differences (P>0.05), the fish communities in the other mangroves differed significantly in all three seasons (P<0.05). Human activity intensity, mangrove area, and east-west coast had significant main effects and interaction effects on fish diversity index, abundance, species richness, and biomass (P<0.05). The abundance of omnivorous fish such as Acentrogobius viridipunctatus showed a positive correlation with the proportion of urban land, arable land, and forest land, while the abundance of carnivorous fish such as Ambassis gymnocephalus showed a negative correlation with the proportion of urban land, arable land, and forest land. The abundance of fish species such as Oreochromis niloticus showed a positive correlation with the proportion of fishpond area. The results of the study indicate that human activity has had a negative impact on fish community structure, and the rational planning of land use in the surrounding areas of mangroves can be an important means for the conservation and utilization of mangrove fish.