外体（exosome）在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用

外体（exosome）是由细胞分泌至细胞外的膜性小囊泡。研究发现,来源于树突状细胞和来源于肿瘤细胞的外体富集MHCⅠ/Ⅱ类分子、协同刺激分子、热激蛋白70和90等多种活性分子和肿瘤抗原,在体内外免疫调节中起关键作用,以外体为基础的肿瘤免疫治疗已成为热点。我们简要介绍外体的特征、分离制备和临床应用研究。

Recent Progress in Exosomes in Tumor Immunotherapy

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles secreted into the extra cellular medium by a broad array of cells in culture. Exosomes secreted from dendritic cells and tumor cells are enriched in MHC class Ⅰ and Ⅱ complexes, costimulatory molecules, HSP70 and HSP90 chaperones, and tumor antigen, and have therefore been more extensively studied for their immunomodulatory capacities in vitro and in vivo. Recently, exosomes have been a hotpoint in tumor immunotherapy. In this paper, we reviewed the fundamental properties, preparation of exosomes and the practice in clinical trials.