落叶松尺蠖Erannis ankeraria Staudinger的生物学特性

【目的】明确落叶松尺蠖Erannis ankeraria Staudinger的发生规律及生物学特性。【方法】野外调查和室内饲养。【结果】在集宁市落叶松尺蠖1年1代,以卵越冬,越冬卵在翌年4月下旬、5月上旬孵化,6月中下旬开始入土化蛹,成虫于9月初羽化、产卵。在温度为20℃,RH=70%的条件下,落叶松尺蠖幼虫期(19.96±0.86)d,预蛹期(3.93±0.95)d,蛹期(108.4±13.17)d。蛹分布于树干基部30~90cm范围内,深度4~8 cm。雄虫在6:00—8:00及12:00—16:00羽化,早于雌性,雌虫在20:00—24:00羽化,羽化若干小时后可交尾,交配持续时间20~260 min,可多次交尾。20℃下交尾雌虫寿命为(5.56±1.47)d,雄虫为(3.95±0.95)d,产卵量为(162.2±69.9)粒;不交尾雌性为(8.03±2.90)d,雄性为(4.38±1.59)d,产卵量为(164.1±81.3)粒,但卵不能孵化;15℃条件下不交尾雌雄寿命分别为(14.48±6.67)d,(6.64±1.76)d,产卵量为(145.7±76.8)粒。【结论】落叶松尺蠖危害期短,蛹期较长,雌雄成虫羽化时间有差异;温度和交尾对寿命和产卵量都有显著影响。

The bionomics of Erannis ankeraria Staudinger

Objectives] To ascertain the life cycle, behavior, distribution of pupae and biological characters of Erann＆ ankeraria Staudinger. Methods] Laboratory and field research at Jinin, Inner Mongolia. Resultsl E. ankeraria had one generation a single year and overwintered as egg on pine cones. Larvae were present from early May to July. Pupae occurred from mid-late June to early-mid September. Adults emerged from September to October. The larval stage was about （19.96±0.86） days, the prepupal stage （3.93±0.95） days, and the pupal stage about （108.4±13.17） days under laboratory conditions at a temperature of 20℃, RH70%. Pupae were mainly clustered 30-90 cm around the stem base at a depth of 4-8 cm below the soil surface. The adults emerged mostly from 20：00-24：00 and females mainly at 6：00-8：00 and 12：00-16：00. Adults could mate immediately after emergence. Mating duration was about 20-260 min and most lasted 50-150 min. At a temperature of 20℃, the longevity of mated females and males was （5.56±1.47） and （3.95±0.95） days, respectively, and fecundity was （162.2±69.9） eggs per female. In contrast, the longevity of virgin females and males was （8.03±2.90） and （4.38±1.59） days, respectively, and fecundity was （164.1±81.3） eggs per female but the eggs were infertile. At a temperature of 15℃, the longevity of virgin females and males was （14.48±6.67） and （6.64±1.76） days, respectively, and fecundity was （145.7±76.83）eggs per female. Conclusion] The period over which E. ankeraria economically significant damage was short, the pupal stage was long, and the timing of adult emergence differed between the sexes. Temperature and whether individuals had mated or not had an important influence on adult longevity and fecundity.