基于线粒体基因的东方蜜蜂群体亚分化研究

【目的】进一步了解我国境内东方蜜蜂Apis cerana(Fabricius)群体的亚分化状况,为保护和合理利用这一宝贵的蜂种资源提供理论依据。【方法】采用公开的两对引物对中国境内19个地区的东方蜜蜂线粒体tRNAIle~ND2与16S rRNA基因的部分序列进行了扩增、测序,并与其他地区东方蜜蜂的相应序列进行了比对分析。【结果】扩增获得的tRNAIle~ND2基因的部分序列长度为471~474 bp,序列中共13个变异位点;16S rRNA基因的部分序列长度为581~585 bp,序列中共6个变异位点。ND2基因部分蛋白比对结果显示,仅山西沁源东方蜜蜂有一个位点发生变异。【结论】基于两基因部分序列所构建的系统发育树表明,海南东方蜜蜂明显区别于其他地区的东方蜜蜂;阿坝地区的东方蜜蜂可能属于高海拔地区的一种生态型,未支持其单独作为一个亚种的结论;吉林3个地区的东方蜜蜂之间亲缘关系较近,可能属于一个生态型;云南东方蜜蜂的变异比较丰富。

Study of the population structure ofApis cerana based on mitochondrial gene variation

Objectives] To clarify the taxonomic status ofApis cerana （Fabricius） subspecies in China as well as provide a theoretical basis for protecting and rationally developing honeybee resources, Methods] Mitochondrial DNA tRNAnIle-ND2 and 16S rRNA genes ofA. cerana collected from 19 locations in China were amplified using two previously developed pairs of primers and sequenced. Sequences of these two genes were compared with the corresponding sequences from other locations. Results] The results indicate that the length of the tRNAIle-ND2 partial sequence was 471-474 bp with 13 variable sites. The length of the 16S rRNA partial sequence was 581-585 bp with 6 variable sites. The alignment of the partial ND2 gene protein sequence indicated that there was only one amino acid mutation in the Qinyuan sample, Conclusion] A phylogenetic tree based on tRNAIle-ND2 and 16S rRNA partial gene sequences indicates that the A. cerana population from Hainan was significantly different from the other 18 populations, The A, cerana population from Aba may be a high altitude ecotype. The result did not, however, support the conclusion that the Aba population was a separate subspecies. Three populations from Jilin may belong to the same ecotype. The variation between A. cerana populations in Yunnan was high.