Replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation of cross‐fibrillation of IAPP and PrP106‐126

Aggregation of proteins into amyloid is the central hallmark of a number of protein diseases. Most studies were carried out on the aggregation between proteins of similar species. However, it was observed that some patients with certain protein disease can easily acquire another unrelated protein disease. As such, it is also important to examine aggregation between proteins of different species. Usually aggregation between proteins of the same species can be attributed to the similarity between their respective amino acid sequences. In this article, we were motivated by an experimental study of aggregation between amylin (Islet Amyloid Polypeptide, IAPP) and prion_106‐126 (PrP106‐126) fragment (JACS, 2013, 135, 13582–9). It was found that the two non‐homologous peptides can aggregate quickly to form fibrils in the presence of negatively charged lipid bilayer. We attempted to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the early stage of dimerization of these two peptides through extensive replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations. Conformations consisting of various degrees of β‐sheets structures, both intra‐chain and inter‐chain, were found in the simulations. The conformations of the aggregated complex are very diverse, which suggests that the cross‐species fibrils formed between the two proteins are highly polymorphic. The driving forces are mainly hydrophobic interactions, including aromatic‐aliphatic interactions. The palindromic region of PrP106‐126 and SNNFGAIL region of IAPP were found to play important roles in the interaction. Our study sheds insight into the exciting research of protein cross‐fibrillation. Proteins 2016; 84:1134–1146. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.