混交林和纯竹林与毛竹害螨爆发成灾关系研究

报道在福建省6个不同生态区域内检查10对纯竹林与混交林受南京裂爪螨(Schizotetranychus nanjingensis)、竹缺爪螨(Aponychus corpuzae)、竹刺瘿螨(Aculus bambusae)对毛竹危害情况．结果表明，纯竹林受螨害重，危害指数达22．1％～44．7％，平均35％．混交林受害轻，危害指数为2．7％～28．6％，平均17．5％，混交林与纯竹林之间受害程度经t-测验表明均达到极显著差异．6个样地中纯竹林害螨总量高于其相对的混交林。分别达67．74％、152．47％、299．5％、857．75％、331．67％、26．55％。平均为289．28％；调查混交林天敌竹盲走螨(Typhlodromus bambusae)总量分别比相对纯竹林高95．45％、-18．13％、207．69％、837．5％、190．3％，平均262．5％．纯竹林中益、害螨比例分别达1：27、1：21、1：233、1：282、1：27，平均1：118，而其相对的混交林益、害螨比例为1：12、1：12、1：30、1：3、1：3、1：20，平均1：13．由此可见，纯竹林受螨害程度、害螨总量平均是混交林的2倍，而天敌数量少于相对混交林的2～3倍，益、害螨比例显著低于混交林(t=2．975，P=0．003)．本项研究揭示了由于受人为干扰(集约化管理、劈草、垦复)破坏了毛竹林原有的益螨-害螨-寄主植物之间相对稳定的平衡。导致毛竹害螨种群突发性增长，证明了纯竹林是诱发毛竹害螨爆发成灾成因的重要因素之一。

On the causes of mite pest outbreaks in mono-and poly-cultured moso bamboo forests

In this paper, the damage of phytophagous mites Schizotetranychus nanjingensis Ma & Yuan, Aponychus corpuzae Rimando and Aculus bambusae Kuang to moso bamboo (Phyllostaychs pubescens) was examined for ten pairs of mono- and poly-cultured forests at six locations in Fujian, China. The results showed that the mite damage in mono-cultured forests (35%) was twice as high as that in poly-cultured forests (17.5% < the injury level of 20%), and the difference was significant by t-test. The total pest mites in the mono-cultured forests at six locations in Fujian were 289.29% as high as those in the poly-cultured stands. Typhlodromus bambusae, a nature enemy in the poly-cultured forests at five locations in Fujian, was 262.5% as high as that in the mono-cultured forests. The proportion of pest mite and nature enemy in the mono-cultured forests was 1:118, but was 1:13 in the poly-cultured forests. The change of bamboo cultivation (mono-culture, crowding of bamboo plants, and removal of underfloor plants) might be the major cause of mite pest outbreaks in moso bamboo forests.