Morphological,reproductive and karyological variability in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Allium oleraceum</Emphasis> in Lithuania

Morphological, reproductive and karyological variability were investigated in fifteen populations of Allium oleraceum transferred from natural populations in Lithuania to the field collection of medicinal and aromatic plants of the Institute of Botany of the Nature Research Centre in Vilnius. Nine populations were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 32), four pentaploid (2n = 5x = 40) and two consisted of both cytotypes. The greatest differences among the populations and between the ploidy levels were observed in stem height and mass of aerial bulbils per plant. The seed production was very low and did not differ significantly between the ploidy levels, while neither tetraploids nor pentaploids did produce any seed if insects were prevented from visiting their flowers. The means of the morphological characters were higher in pentaploids than in tetraploids. However, none of them provided the possibility of determining ploidy level without chromosome counting.