Comparison of Defense Body Movements of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apis laboriosa</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apis dorsata dorsata</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apis dorsata breviligula</Emphasis> Honey Bees |
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Authors: | Jerzy Woyke Jerzy Wilde Maria Wilde Venkataramegowda Sivaram Cleofas Cervancia Narajanappa Nagaraja Muniswamyreddy Reddy |
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Institution: | 1.Apiculture Division,Agricultural University,Warsaw,Poland;2.Apiculture Division,WM University,Olsztyn,Poland;3.Dabur Apicultural Centre,Jugedi,Nepal;4.Division of Biodiversity and Apiculture, Department of Botany,Bangalore University,Bangalore,India;5.Institute of Biological Science,University of the Philippines,Los Ba?os,Philippines;6.Zoology Department,Bangalore University,Bangalore,India |
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Abstract: | Defense behavior of three, free living giant (Megapis) honey bee subspecies, Apis laboriosa, A. dorsata dorsata and A. dorsata breviligula, was compared. Disturbed worker bees responded with characteristic dorso-ventral defense body twisting (DBT). Workers of
A. laboriosa twisted the thorax by 55°, and the two other A. dorsata subspecies by about 10° more. A. laboriosa workers raised the tip of the abdomen by 90° and workers of the two other bee subspecies by about 20° higher. Differences
in those traits were highly significant between A. laboriosa and both A. dorsata subspecies, but were not significant between those two subspecies. The whole cycle of DBT was the most vigorous in A. d. breviligula (0.11 s), and it was twice as vigorous as in A. d. dorsata (0.26 s) and trice as in A. laboriosa (0.32 s). A. laboriosa twisted the body together with wings folded over the abdomen, while the two A. dorsata subspecies raised the abdomen between spread wings. This supports the opinion to treat A. laboriosa as a separate species.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
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Keywords: | Apis laboriosa Apis dorsata defense behavior Nepal India the Philippines |
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