The evolution of partial migration in Birds |
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| Authors: | Lundberg P |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Ichthyology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;2. Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, United States;1. Centre for Applied Ecology “Prof. Baeta Neves” (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa 1349-017, Portugal;2. School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK;3. School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;4. Helsinki Lab of Interdisciplinary Conservation Science (HELICS), Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;5. Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;6. CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal;7. CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal;8. BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal;9. REN Biodiversity Chair, CIBIO/InBIO-UP, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485–601 Vairão, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | Partial migration, i.e.when one fraction of the population is migratory and the other sedentary, appears to be a widespread phenomenon among many animal taxa, ranging from insects to higher vertebrates. Partial migration in birds was first documented for several Holarctic populations many decades ago. The evolution and maintenance of this particular migratory system have only recently been more thoroughly examined, but our knowledge and understanding of the problem is still incomplete. Currently, one of the main concerns is the fitness balancing of the two behavioural alternatives, i.e. whether migrants and residents within a population are equally fit or if one of the categories is inferior and making 'the best of a bad situation'. Closely tied to this question is the proximate regulation of the migratory and sedentary habits. It has been suggested that a social dominance system might be powerful enough to keep this migration system going; alternatively, a pooulation might be divided into two genetically distinct morphs with different preprogrammed Migratory behaviours. |
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