白星花金龟人为条件生物学与应用潜力

本文选取人工饲养的东亚飞蝗虫砂作为白星花金龟Potosia brevitarsis Lewis幼虫饲料、成虫产卵基质进行人为条件下的生物学研究。测定了其在不同温度条件下各虫态发育历期、不同食物下成虫单雌产卵量、不同酵化周期条件下东亚飞蝗虫砂2龄、3龄幼虫的转化力;分析了幼虫虫体和虫砂的主要营养成分;实施了虫砂盆栽小白菜试验。结果显示,白星花金龟适宜的繁育温度为22~28℃,25℃全世代发育历期为126.62(±1.05)d;以11种水果为食料,成虫单雌产卵量顺序为:芒果>菠萝>葡萄>苹果>桃>梨>西瓜>甜瓜>李子>杏>西红柿,最高207粒,最低68粒;东亚飞蝗虫砂酵化周期与取食龄期的最佳对应组合分别为2龄30 d和3龄25 d,折合每转化100 g可增长2龄虫体3.04 g、产生虫砂81.90 g或3龄虫体4.37 g、虫砂74.48 g;3龄幼虫含蛋白质(53.8%)、脂肪(6.6%)、18种氨基酸(44.68%),是昆虫源高蛋白原料;虫砂含有机质(18.72%)和氮磷钾(5.95%)。盆栽小白菜试验表明,1 cm^2施用0.13 g,效果最佳。水果残余物作为白星花金龟成虫食物,东亚飞蝗虫砂作为成虫产卵基质和幼虫繁育饲料,保持适宜温光条件,可以实现白星花金龟周年繁育。白星花金龟虫体和虫砂在生态循环农业、医药等领域具有应用潜力。

Biology under artificial condition and utilization potential of Potosia brevitarsis (Coleoptera: Cetoniidea)

The dung-sand of Locusta migratoria manilensis(Meyen)by artificial rearing was selected to study the artificial biology of Potosia brevitarsis Lewis as the feed of the larvae and the ovipositional substrates of the adults in this paper.The developmental durations of all instars at different temperatures,the adult fecundity feeding different kinds of food,and the transformation capability of 2 nd and 3 rd instar larvae to the different fermentation cycles of L.migratoria manilensis dung-sand were determined,and the main components of the larvae and dung-sand were analyzed,and the dung-sand from P.brevitarsis rearing was used to fertilize the vegetable plantation.The results showed that the preferably temperature for P.brevitarsis was 22~28℃,and the whole generation developmental durations were 126.62(±1.05)d at 25℃;with 11 kinds of fruits as food,the order of adult fecundity was ranged:mango>pineapple>grape>apple>peach>pear>watermelon>melon>plum>apricot>tomato,with maximum 207 eggs and minimum 68 eggs;the best corresponding combinations of the fermentation cycles of the dung-sand of L.migratoria manilensis and feeding instars were 30 d for the 2 nd instar and 25 d for the 3 rd instar larvae,and each feeding can convert 3.04 g 2 nd instar larvae and produce 81.90 g dung-sand,or 4.37 g 3 rd instar larvae and 74.48 g dung-sand were obtained when the larvae fed 100 g fodder;the 3 rd instar larvae contained protein(53.8%),fat(6.6%)and 18 kinds of amino acids(44.68%),as a high-protein insect material;the dung-sand contained organic matter(18.72%)and NPK(5.95%),and was used to fertilize the potted Brassica rapa chinensis with best concentration of 0.13 g for 1 cm^2 field.Selecting the fruits residue as adult food,and the L.migratoria manilensis dung-sand as the feed of the larvae and the ovipositional substrates of the adult,and maintaining proper temperature and light conditions,the yearly rearing of P.brevitarsis can be realized.The P.brevitarsis larvae body and dung-sand from their rearing have application potential in ecological recycle agriculture and medicine.