五种淡水鱼类幼鱼游泳能力的比较

为了探讨栖息于不同生境中鱼类的游泳能力和偏好游泳速度及其生理机制,本研究以中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)、异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)、岩原鲤(Procypris rabaudi)、青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)和胭脂鱼(Myxocryprinus asiaticus)5种鱼的幼鱼为对象,在(25±1)℃条件下测定了5种鱼类的标准代谢率(SMR)、最大代谢率(MMR)、有氧代谢范围(MS)、临界游泳速度(Ucrit)、最大匀加速游泳速度(Ucat)和偏好游泳速度(Upref)。结果发现:5种实验鱼中,中华倒刺鲃的游泳能力最强,游泳能力较差的为青鱼和胭脂鱼;5种鱼之间的代谢和游泳能力差异显著,其偏好游泳速度主要集中在(10~24.5cm·s^-1)区域。研究表明,鱼类游泳能力的种间差异可能主要由心鳃系统相关的呼吸能力和体型相关的游泳效率所决定。本研究提供的有关鱼类游泳能力、偏好游泳速度等资料对于鱼道设计等有一定的参考价值。

Comparison of swimming ability among five freshwater fish species

To investigate the physiological mechanism underlying the maximum aerobic and anaerobic swimming ability and preferred swimming speed of fish in different habitats,we measured the critical swimming speed(Ucrit),maximum constant accelerated swimming speed(Ucat),preferred swimming speed(Upref),standard metabolic rate(SMR),maximum metabolic rate(MMR),and aerobic metabolic scope(MS)of the juvenile fish of five species at(25±1)℃,including Spinibarbus sinensis,Carassius auratus gibelio,Procypris rabaudi,Mylopharyngodon piceus and Myxocryprinus asiaticus.Results showed that Spinibarbus sinensis showed the strongest swimming ability(both aerobic and anaerobic).Mylopharyngodon piceus and Myxocryprinus asiaticus were poor swimmers.The Uprefof all the five species fell into the range from 10 to 24.5 cm·s^-1,despite their significant variation in swimming ability.These results suggested that swimming ability of the selected fish species were mainly determined by cardiorespiratory capacity and morphology-induced swimming efficiency.Our results have certain reference value for designing fishways.