绥芬河大麻哈鱼个体生物学研究

研究以2012至2017年在绥芬河东宁段采集的447尾大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum)为材料,对其年龄与生长及繁殖特性等个体生物学特征进行研究分析。结果表明:绥芬河大麻哈鱼种群由1+—5+龄5个年龄组构成,其中雌性个体以3+龄为主,雄性个体以2+龄为主。大麻哈鱼雌、雄个体的体长-体重关系分别为:W=0.0082×L3.0604;W=0.0076×L3.0746,均属匀速生长类型;采用Von Bertalanffy生长方程拟合得到3+龄大麻哈鱼雌、雄个体的叉长生长方程分别为:Lt,F=141.64×e^-0.11·(t+1.55);Lt,M=119.51×e^-0.13·(t+1.45)。利用逻辑斯蒂方程估算大麻哈鱼雌、雄个体初次性成熟叉长(L50)分别为51.53和42.15 cm。ARSS分析显示雌、雄个体的L50差异显著;大麻哈鱼的绝对繁殖力(F)、相对叉长繁殖力(FL)和相对体重繁殖力(FW)分别为3412粒、52.42粒/cm和1.17粒/g;F与叉长、体重、性腺重呈显著正相关关系,GSI与叉长、体重、F成显著负相关关系;F与叉长、体重的幂函数关系方程式分别为:F=0.0311×L^2.7745(R2=0.638)和F=1.946×W^0.9374(R2=0.704)。本研究为绥芬河大麻哈鱼资源保护工作提供基础资料。

INDIVIDUAL BIOLOGY OF CHUM SALMON FROM SUIFEN RIVER

To study the individual biology of chum salmon, 447 samples were collected in Dongning section of the Suifen River from 2012 to 2017. The results showed that the age groups of samples were 1+—5+, of which 3+ and 2+ age are dominant for females and males respectively. The relationships between body weight and body length of male and female salmon were as follows: W=0.0082×L3.0604; W=0.0076×L3.0746, which were all belonged to the type of uniform growth. Von Bertalanffy growth function was used in simulating the fork length growth of chum salmon. The fork length growth equations of male and female chum salmon aged 3+ years were L_t,F=141.64×e–0.11·(t+1.55) and L_t,M= 119.51×e–0.13·(t+1.45), respectively. The fork length growth rate of chum salmon was inversely proportional to the age of sexual maturity. The total fork length of 50% male and female individuals reaching sexual maturity (L₅₀) was estimated by logistic moderating function with 42.15 cm for male and 51.53 cm for female. ARSS analysis revealed a significant difference between male and female individuals for L₅₀. Results showed that the average of absolute fecundity (F) and relative fecundity (F_L and F_W) were 3412 eggs, 52.42 eggs/cm and 1.17 eggs/g respectively. The positive correlation between F and fork length, body weight, and gonad weight of female chum salmon was significant, while the significant positive correlation between GSI and fork length, body weight, F was found. The power exponential equation was used to simulate the relationships of F and fork length, body weight respectively, and the regression function as follow: F=0.0311×L2.7745(R2=0.638); F=1.946×W0.9374(R2=0.704). This study will provide basic information for the conservation of chum salmon.