道路交通对鹅喉羚昼间集群特征和警戒行为的影响

分析道路交通对濒危有蹄类动物行为模式的影响,阐明其行为反馈与适应机制,对制定道路工程干扰下濒危物种的保护方案具有重要意义。2015年和2016年6—8月,调查了国道216线白昼运营对新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区鹅喉羚(Gazella subgutturosa)集群特征和警戒行为的影响。研究发现,国道216线的扰动导致鹅喉羚集群规模显著增加;随着距国道216线距离越近,鹅喉羚警戒行为投入时间越多,距离道路500m可能是国道216线对鹅喉羚集群和警戒行为影响的阈值。本研究结果表明,道路带来的人为干扰与捕食风险相似,迫使鹅喉羚调节其集群规模和警戒水平。未来应加强道路等交通工程影响下保护区内野生动物的行为反馈和适应机制研究,据此提出减缓措施,降低道路对野生动物的负面影响。

Effects of road on diurnal group pattern and vigilance behavior in goitered gazelle

Understanding the effects of road on behavior pattern of endangered ungulates and expounding their behavior response and adaptation mechanism to the road effects are important to making comprehensive measures and schemes for effective conservation of endangered species under the disturbance of road projects.From June to August in both 2015 and 2016,we investigated the effects of national highway G216 on the group patterns and vigilance behaviors of goitered gazelle(Gazella subgutturosa)in Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve.Our results showed that the disturbance from G216 forced goitered gazelles to increase their group size,and that goitered gazelles invested much more time in vigilance when they were closer to G216.A distance of 500 m to G216 may be a threshold on the group pattern and vigilance behavior.Similar to the predation risk,disturbance of G216 forced goitered gazelles to adjust their group size and vigilance level.In the future,researches on behavioral response and adaptation mechanism under road project disturbances should be conducted,the results of which would help produce management measures to reduce the negative impacts on the wildlife in this area.