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Two‐year oscillation cycle in abundance of soybean aphid in Indiana
Authors:Marc Rhainds  Ho Jung S Yoo  Pavel Kindlmann  Dave Voegtlin  Diana Castillo  Claire Rutledge  Clifford Sadof  Steve Yaninek  Robert J O'Neil
Institution:1. Canadian Forest Service, P.O. Box 4000, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5P7;2. Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0116, La Jolla, CA 92093‐0116, U.S.A.;3. Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, AS CR, Ceske Budejovice, CZ‐37005, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic;4. Illinois Natural History Survey, Section for Ecological Entomology, National Soybean Research Center, 1101 W. Peabody, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A.;5. Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 West State St., West Lafayette, IN 47901, U.S.A. and Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., New Haven, CT 06504, U.S.A.;6. Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 West State St., West Lafayette, IN 47901, U.S.A.
Abstract:
  • 1 The present study evaluated the population dynamics of the heteroecious soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) during an 8‐year period in Indiana, shortly after its detection in North America. Sampling conducted at multiple locations revealed that A. glycines exhibited a 2‐year oscillation cycle that repeated itself four times between 2001 and 2008: years of low aphid abundance were consistently followed by years of high aphid abundance.
  • 2 Similar patterns of abundance of A. glycines and coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in soybean fields, both within and between‐years, suggest that late season predation by coccinellids plays a role in the oscillatory cycle of aphids. Insidious flower bugs Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) were numerically more abundant than coccinellids, although the lack of synchrony between aphids and predatory bugs suggests that O. insidiosus has a limited influence on between‐year variations in aphid density.
  • 3 The inverse relationship between aphid densities before and after the start of the autumn migratory period changes direction in alternate years. High aphid density on soybean in the summer is associated with a reduced number of alate migrants produced in the autumn. Conversely, years with low density aphids on soybean in the summer are characterized by high numbers of alates that migrate to the primary host in the autumn.
  • 4 From a pest management perspective, the 2‐year oscillation cycle of A. glycines is a desirable attribute with respect to population dynamics because it implies that aphids cause significant economic damage only in alternate years (as opposed to every year). Cultural practices enhancing the conservation biological control of Coccinellidae may help to preserve the periodicity of aphid infestation and restrict the pest status of A. glycines.
Keywords:Aphididae  Aphis glycines  autumn migration  Hemiptera  heteroecy  Rhamnus  seesaw effect  soybean aphid
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