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Overexpression of yeast spermidine synthase impacts ripening,senescence and decay symptoms in tomato
Authors:Savithri Nambeesan  Tatsiana Datsenka  Mario G Ferruzzi  Anish Malladi  Autar K Mattoo  Avtar K Handa
Institution:1. Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;2. Present address: 111 Riverbend Road, Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.;3. Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;4. Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;5. USDA‐ARS, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Building 001, Beltsville, MD 20705‐2350, USA
Abstract:Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous, polycationic biogenic amines that are implicated in many biological processes, including plant growth and development, but their precise roles remain to be determined. Most of the previous studies have involved three biogenic amines: putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), and their derivatives. We have expressed a yeast spermidine synthase (ySpdSyn) gene under constitutive (CaMV35S) and fruit‐ripening specific (E8) promoters in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), and determined alterations in tomato vegetative and fruit physiology in transformed lines compared with the control. Constitutive expression of ySpdSyn enhanced intracellular levels of Spd in the leaf, and transiently during fruit development, whereas E8ySpdSyn expression led to Spd accumulation early and transiently during fruit ripening. The ySpdSyn transgenic fruits had a longer shelf life, reduced shriveling and delayed decay symptom development in comparison with the wild‐type (WT) fruits. An increase in shelf life of ySpdSyn transgenic fruits was not facilitated by changes in the rate of water loss or ethylene evolution. Additionally, the expression of several cell wall and membrane degradation‐related genes in ySpdSyn transgenic fruits was not correlated with an extension of shelf life, indicating that the Spd‐mediated increase in fruit shelf life is independent of the above factors. Crop maturity, indicated by the percentage of ripening fruits on the vine, was delayed in a CaMV35SySpdSyn genotype, with fruits accumulating higher levels of the antioxidant lycopene. Notably, whole‐plant senescence in the transgenic plants was also delayed compared with WT plants. Together, these results provide evidence for a role of PAs, particularly Spd, in increasing fruit shelf life, probably by reducing post‐harvest senescence and decay.
Keywords:polyamines  shelf life  shriveling  transgenic  tomato  fruit ripening
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